Table 1.
Study Characteristicsa
| First Author, Year |
Location | Device | Study Design |
No. of Patients |
Patient Age, Years |
% Men |
Race/ Ethnicity (%) |
Indication for LVAD (%) |
Duration of Support |
Inclusion Criteria |
Exclusion Criteria |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Miller et al, 200746 | Multi-center | HeartMate II | Prospective, observational | 133 | 50.1 | 76.0 | White (69) African American (23) |
BTT (100) ICM (37) |
126 d, median | End-stage heart failure | Severe renal, pulmonary, or hepatic dysfunction; active, uncontrolled infection; mechanical aortic valve; aortic insufficiency; other support device (except IABP) |
| Schulman et al, 200724 | New York, USA | HeartMate II, DeBakey Micro-Med | Retrospective, case series | 27 | 55.1 (12.8) | 81.5 | NR | NR | NR | Implantation between October 2003 and April 2006 | NR |
| Struber et al, 200816 | Hanover, Germany | HeartMate II | Retrospective, case series | 101 | 48 (13) | NR | NR | BTT (69.3) DT (30.7) |
NR | 12 European centers between March 2004 and January 2007 | NR |
| Morshuis et al, 200947 | Multi-center | DuraHeart | Prospective, observational | 33 | 55.5 (12.5) | 85.0 | NR | BTT (100.0) | 242 (243) d | Surgical contraindication to LVAD, high-risk cardiothoracic surgery within 30 days, aortic regurgitation, severe COPD, >1 week of ventilator support, active infection, end- stage renal or liver disease, primary RV dysfunction | NR |
| Lahpor et al, 201048 | Multi-center | HeartMate II | Registry review | 411 | 51.0 (14.0) | 81.0 | NR | NR | 236 (214) d | HeartMate II implanted in 1 of 64 European centers that contribute to the Thoratec data bank | Implantation <6 mo before study inception |
| Topkara et al, 201032 | Missouri, USA | HeartMate II, Ventr-Assist | Retrospective, case series | 81 | 51.8 (13.7) | 78.0 | White (77) African American (23) | DT (29.6) BTT (70.4) ICM (46.7) |
9.2 (9.2) mo | NR | NR |
| Wieselthaler et al, 201049 | Multi-center | Heart-Ware HVAD | Nonrandomized controlled trial | 23 | 48 (12.6) | 87.0 | NR | ICM (30.0) | 167 (143) d | Refractory end- stage heart failure with optimal medical therapy and inotropes. UNOS status 1A or 1B | Mechanical circulatory support (except IABP); cardiac transplant within 12 mo; mortality within 14 days; >72 h mechanical ventilation; PE within 2 weeks; mechanical valve; aortic regurgitation; active, uncontrolled infection; thrombocytopenia; uncontrolled coagulopathy; dialysis; liver failure |
| Bogaev et al, 201139 | Multi-center | HeartMate II | Secondary analysis of data from Heart-Mate II clinical trial and continuous access protocol | 465 | 51.8 (13.2) | 77.6 | NR | BTT (100.0) ICM (44.9) |
338.9 (335.9) d | At least 18 mo follow-up | HeartMate II clinical trial |
| Garbade et al, 201150 | Leipzig, Germany | HeartMate II or Heart-Ware | Retrospective, cohort | 49 | 53 (12) | 90.0 | NR | DT (16.0) BTT (84.0) |
138 (53) d | Implantation between 2006 and 2010 | NR |
| John et al, 201125 | Minnesota, USA | HeartMate II | Retrospective, cohort | 102 | 52.6 (12.8) | 74.5 | NR | BTT (100.0) | 327 (286) d | BTT | Exchange for device failure or destination therapy |
| John et al, 201151 | Multi-center | HeartMate II | Registry study | 1982 | NR | 77.2 | NR | BTT (100.0) | 9.7 mo | CF LVAD as BTT, data as reported to INTERMACS and from the original HeartMate II clinical trial | NR |
| Schaffer et al, 201115 | Maryland, USA | HeartMate II | Retrospective, case series | 86 | 49.7, mean | 70.9 | NR | DT (33.7) BTT (66.3) |
NR | Implantation between June 2000 and May 2009 | NR |
| Starling et al, 201125 | Multi-center | HeartMate II | Registry review | 169 | NR | 78.0 | White (74) African American (17) | BTT (100.0) | 306 (173) d | INTERMACS registry for BTT between April and August 2008 | NR |
| Aggarwal et al, 201220 | Illinois, USA | HeartMate II | Retrospective, cohort | 87 | 62 (12.8) | 86.0 | White (36) African American (49) |
NR ICM (57.4) | 923.5 (567.3) d | Consecutive patients, between 2005 and 2009 | Episode of transient bacteremia |
| Brewer et al, 201252 | Multi-center | HeartMate II | Retrospective, HeartMate II BTT and DT trials | 896 | 56.8 (14.1) | 76.1 | White (71.9) African American (20.2) |
NR | NR | Enrollment in HeartMate II clinical trials for BTT or DT | Exchange from HeartMate XVE to HeartMate II |
| Bomholt et al, 201153 | Copen-hagen, Denmark | HeartMate II | Retrospective, cohort | 31 | 46 (24–55) | 74.0 | White (100.0) | BTT (81.0) DT (19.0) ICM (26.0) |
317 (93–595) d | Consecutive patients | NR |
| Chamogeorgakis et al, 201227 | Ohio, USA | HeartMate II | Retrospective, case series | 135 | 54 (14) | 78.5 | NR | BTT (40.0) BTD (39.0) DT (21.0) |
NR | NR | NR |
| Donahey et al, 201231 | Georgia, USA | NR | Retrospective, case series | 57 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Eleuteri et al, 201254 | Pennsylvania, USA | HeartMate II, Heart-Ware HVAD | Retrospective, cohort | 97 | 59 (10) | 81.0 | NR | BTT (33.0) BTC (21.6) DT (47.4) |
3359 (340) d | Implantation between 2006 and 2011 | NR |
| Fleissner et al, 201229 | Hanover, Germany | Heart-Ware HVAD | Retrospective, cohort | 81 | 52 (16.1) | 82.7 | White (100.0) | ICM (45) NICM (55) |
258 (531) d | Implantation in 2008, 2009, or 2011 | NR |
| Goldstein et al, 201230 | Multi-center | NR | INTERMACS registry study | 2006 | NR, although younger age was a risk factor for percutaneous infection | NR, although older men were at increased risk for infection | NR | NR | NR | Implantation between 6/2006 and 9/2010 | NR |
| Guerrero-Miranda et al, 201255 | New Jersey, USA | HeartMate II, DeBakey Micro-Med, Centri-Mag, DuraHeart, Ventr-Assist, Heart-Ware |
Retrospective, cohort | 120 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Hozayen et al, 201256 | Minnesota, USA | Heart-Ware, Ventr-Assist, Heart-Mate II | Retrospective, cohort | 63 | 57.5 (17.4) | 68.2 | NR | ICM (52.4) NICM (47.6) |
NR | NR | NR |
| Kamdar et al, 201557 | Multi-center | NR | Registry study | 2900 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | All patients entered in INTERMACS registry between 6/2006 and 3/2011 | NR |
| Krabatsch et al, 201258 | Berlin, Germany | Heart-Ware HVAD | Retrospective, case series | 142 | 55.1 (15.9) | 82.3 | NR | NR | 206 d, mean follow- up | Between 9/2009 and 10/2011 | Children, patients with congenital heart disease |
| Maiani et al, 201259 | Multisite, Italy | Jarvik 2000 | Registry study | 65 | 63.0 (8.0) | 89.2 | NR | DT (95) ICM (53) |
320 d, mean | Between 2006 and 2011 | NR |
| Mano et al, 201260 | Pittsburgh, USA | CF LVAD | Retrospective, cohort | 78 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 260 (265) d | Between 12/2006 and 6/2011 | NR |
| Menon et al, 201261 | Aachen, Germany | HeartMate II | Retrospective, cohort | 40 | 58.0 (11.0) | NR | NR | DT (22.5) BTT (62.5) BTC (15.0) ICM (72.5) |
NR | NYHA IIIB or IV heart failure, between 2008 and 2011 | NR |
| Park et al, 201262 | Multicenter trial | HeartMate II | Registry study | 281 | 63.3 (12.6) | 76.0 | NR | DT (100.0) ICM (24.0) |
1.7 y, mean | ≥2 y follow-up | Prior HeartMate XVE |
| Popov et al, 201263 | Harefield, United Kingdom | Heart-Ware HVAD | Retrospective, case series | 34 | 51.0 (10.0) | 85.3 | NR | NR | 261 (264) d | Implantation between 2007 and 2011 | NR |
| Schibilsky et al, 201264 | Tubingen, Germany | HeartMate II or Ventr-Assist | Retrospective, case series | 43 | 55.7 (13.3) | 83.7 | NR | DT (25.6) BTT (74.4) |
NR | Implantation between 2006 and 2010 | NR |
| Tarzia et al, 201265 | Multicenter, Italy | Jarvik 2000 | Registry review | 65 | 65, median | 89.2 | NR | ICM (53.0) | NR | Implantation between 2006 and 2011 | NR |
| Aldeiri et al, 201321 | Texas, USA | HeartMate II | Retrospective, cohort | 149 | 55.5 (13) | 75.8 | NR | ICM (59.0) | NR | Implantation between 2008 and 2012 | NR |
| Choudhary et al, 201328 | New York, USA | HeartMate II | Prospective, observational cohort | 171 | 54.0 (12.4) | 82.0 | NR | NR | NR | Implantation between 11/2006 and 1/2013 | Death within 3 mo of device explant |
| Forest et al, 201323 | New York, USA | NR | Retrospective, cohort | 105 | 56 (14) | 82.0 | NR | DT (45.0) ICM (51.0) |
NR | Implantation between 2006 and 2012 | NR |
| Haj-Yahia et al, 200766 | Minnesota, USA | HeartMate II | Registry study | 115 | 62 [53–69] | 83.0 | NR | DT (64.0) BTT (36.0) |
NR | Survival to discharge, between 2008 and 2011 | NR |
| Lalonde et al, 201367 | Toronto, Canada | HeartMate II and Heart-Ware HVAD | Retrospective, case series | 46 | 50.1 (12.6) | 60.8 | NR | BTT (76.2) BTC (19.5) DT (4.3) ICM (26.1) |
NR | Implantation between 1/2006 and 4/2012 | NR |
| Nienaber et al, 201336 | Minnesota, USA | HeartMate II, Jarvik 2000, Ventr-Assist |
Retrospective, case series | 78 | 56.8 (14.9) | 79.0 | White (87.0) African American (7.0) |
DT (62.0) BTT (38.0) |
1.5 (1.0) y | Implantation between 2005 and 2011 | LVAD implanted elsewhere, RVAD |
| Slaughter et al, 201368 | Kentucky, USA | Heart-Ware HVAD | Prospective, observational | 332 | 52.8 (11.9) | 71.1 | White (68.7) African American (25.9) |
BTT (100.0) ICM (36.7) |
NR | UNOS status 1A or 1B | Other mechanical circulatory device (except IABP) |
| Smedira et al, 201317 | Ohio, USA | HeartMate II | Retrospective, case series | 92 | 53 (14) | 78.0 | NR | DT (22.0) BTT (78.0) |
NR | Implantation between 10/2004 and 1/2010 | NR |
| Stulak et al, 201369 | Minnesota, USA | HeartMate II | Retrospective, case series | 285 | 54, mean | 51.0 | NR | DT (41.0) BTT (39.0) ICM (53.0) |
NR | Primary VAD implantation | NR |
| Tong et al, 201326 | Ohio, USA | HeartMate II | Retrospective, case series | 254 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | Between 2004 and 2012 | NR |
| Wu et al, 201370 | Berlin, Germany | Heart-Ware HVAD | Retrospective, case review | 141 | 51.6 (16.2) | 82.5 | NR | DT (28.4) BTT (71.6) ICM (44.7) |
NR | Between 8/2009 and 4/2011 | NR |
| Baronetto et al, 201440 | Turin, Italy | Heart-Ware HVAD | Prospective, observational cohort | 23 | 57.5 | 100.0 | White (100.0) | BTT (52.0) DT (48.0) |
7 mo | Implant with HeartWare HVAD between 4/2013 and 11/2013 | NR |
| Cagliostro et al, 201441 | New York, USA | HeartMate II (other devices unspecified) | Prospective, observational cohort | 253 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | Implantation between 2010 and 2013 | NR |
| Chan et al, 201471 | Singapore, Singapore | HeartMate II or Heart-Ware HVAD | Retrospective, cohort | 40 | 41.0 | NR | NR | NR | NR | Implantation between 5/2009 and 9/2013 | NR |
| Cogswell et al, 201472 | Minnesota, USA | HeartMate II or Heart-Ware HVAD | Matched cohort | 60 | 43 (14.6) | 80.0 | White (73.3) African American (16.6) Asian (1.6) |
BTT (95.0) DT (5.0) ICM (30.0) |
NR | Age >16 y; DSM, IV substance abuse (case arm) or documented lack thereof (matched cohort) | Death in hospital, contraindications to transplantation |
| Dean et al, 201473 | Multicenter | HeartMate II | Secondary analysis of Heart-Mate II destination therapy clinical trial | 401 | 60, median | NR | NR | BTT (50.0) DT (50.0) |
19 (7–46) mo | Inclusion in HeartMate II registry database | NR |
| Hieda et al, 201474 | Osaka, Japan | NR | Retrospective, case series | 16 | 37.5 (11.9) | 100.0 | Asian (100.0) | BTT (100.0) ICM (18.8) |
387 (228) d | BTT, between 2011 and 2013 | NR |
| Jennings et al, 201475 | Detroit, USA | NR | Retrospective, case series | 16 | 52, median | 69.0 | NR | DT (69.0) BTT (31.0) |
NR | Between 1/2008 and 8/2011, with systemic antimicrobial agent therapy for suppression of confirmed LVAD infection | Superficial percutaneous driveline infection |
| John et al, 201476 | Multicenter | Heart-Ware HVAD | Registry study | 332 | 52.7 (11.9) | 71.1 | NR | BTT (100.0) ICM (36.7) |
NR | Secondary analysis of ADVANCE BTT and CAP trial with ≥6 mo follow-up | NR |
| Jorde et al, 201477 | Multi-center | HeartMate II | Registry study | 380 | NR | 81.8 | White (74.5) African American (18.7) |
BTT (65.0) DT (35.0) ICM (60.0) |
NR | First 247 patients who had a HeartMate II implant after FDA device approval and 133 patients in the original HeartMate II clinical trial | NR |
| Kimura et al, 201433 | Tokyo, Japan | DuraHeart Evaheart | Retrospective, case series | 31 | 39.7 (11.7) | 84.0 | NR | BTT (100.0) ICM (12.9) |
NR | End-stage heart failure, BTT | HeartMate II device implantation |
| Koval et al, 201478 | Ohio, USA | HeartMate II | Retrospective, case series | 181 | 54 (13.8) | 80.0 | White (79.0) Other races unspecified |
DT (29) BTT (71) ICM (46) |
NR | Implantation between 10/2004 and 9/2011 | Previous LVAD |
| Kretlow et al, 201414 | Texas, USA | CF LVAD | Retrospective, case series | 26 | 51.3 (15.7) | 81.0 | NR | DT (7.7) BTT (92.3) |
NR | All patients treated by the senior author for LVAD infection | NR |
| Masood et al, 201437 | Michigan, USA | CF LVAD | Retrospective, case series | 328 | 56, median | 77.0 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Moazami et al, 201479 | Multicenter | DuraHeart | Prospective, observational study | 63 | 54 (11.3) | 84.0 | NR | BTT (100.0) ICM (49.0) |
NR | Advanced heart failure in patients listed for transplant at 1 of 40 investigator centers | NR |
| Nelson et al, 201480 | Pennsylvania, USA | HeartMate II and Heart-Ware HVAD | Retrospective, case series | 12 | 54.3 (19.3) | 75.0 | White (86.0) African American (14.0) | DT (42.0) BTT (58.0) ICM (58.0) DCM (17.0) NICM (17.0) Familial (8.0) |
NR | Patients who required plastic surgery for complex wound management, between 2008 and 2013 | NR |
| Nishi et al, 201481 | Osaka, Japan | Heart-Ware HVAD | Prospective, cohort | 9 | 33.5 (7.8) | 66.7 | NR | BTT (100.0) ICM (0) |
245 (162) d | Patients eligible for cardiac transplantation, taking maximal medical therapy | NR |
| Raymer et al, 201482 | Missouri, USA | HeartMate II Heart-Ware HVAD (35) | Retrospective case series | 316 | NR | 78.0 | NR | NR | NR | Implantation between 6/2005 and 7/2013 | NR |
| Sabashnikov et al, 20148 | Harefield, United Kingdom | HeartMate II or Heart-Ware HVAD | Retrospective, cohort | 139 | 44 (13.7) | NR | NR | BTT (100.0) ICM (11.0) DCM (83.0) PPM (1.0) HCM (5.0) |
514 (481) d | Implantation between 2007 and 2013 | NR |
| Singh et al, 201483 | Wisconsin, USA | HeartMate II | Retrospective, case series | 125 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 628 (231.1) d |
Implantation between 6/2008, and 10/2011 | NR |
| Subbotina et al, 201484 | Hamburg, Germany | Heart-Ware HVAD | Retrospective, case series | 38 | 57 (12) | NR | NR | ICM 31.6 | 10 (7) mo | Implantation between 1/2010 and 8/2013 | NR |
| Takeda et al, 201485 | New York, USA | HeartMate II, Ventr-Assist, Dura-Heart, DeBakey Micro-Med | Retrospective, case series | 140 | 54.7 (14.4) | 79.3 | ICM (36.4) | DT (17.9) BTT (82.1) |
NR | Implantation between 2004 and 2010 | NR |
| Abou el ela et al, 201586 | Missouri, USA | HeartMate II and Heart-Ware HVAD | Retrospective, case series | 363 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | Implantation between 2009 and 2013 | NR |
| Akhter et al, 201534 | Wisconsin, USA | HeartMate II (120) Heart-Ware HVAD (1) DeBakey Micro-Med (1) | Retrospective, case series | 122 | 53 (12.9) | 77.0 | NR | ICM (43.6) | 370 (336) d | Implantation between 2007 and 2013 | NR |
| Birks et al, 201587 | Multicenter | Heart-Ware HVAD | Registry study | 332 | 52.7 (11.9) | 71.1 | White (68.7) African American (26.7) |
BTT (100) ICM (36.7) |
NR | Secondary analysis of ADVANCE BTT and CAP trial, ≥6 mo follow-up | NR |
| Fried et al, 201511 | New York, USA | HeartMate II, Heart-Ware HVAD | Retrospective, case series | 298 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | Implantation between 2008 and 2014 | NR |
| Fudim et al, 201588 | Tennessee, USA | Heart-Ware HVAD, Heart-Mate II | Retrospective, case series | 161 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | Implantation between 2009 and 2014 | NR |
| Haeck et al, 201589 | Leiden, Netherlands | Heart-Ware HVAD | Retrospective, case series | 16 | 61 (8) | 81.0 | NR | DT (100.0) ICM (81.0) |
NR | Consecutive LVAD implants | NR |
| Haglund et al, 201545 | Tennessee, USA | HeartMate II, Heart-Ware HVAD | Registry study | 81 | 52.6 (10.6) | 78.0 | NR | BTT (100.0) | NR | Patients in the Vanderbilt Advanced Heart Failure Registry | DT, died before the index hospitalization, implantation with temporary or pulsatile LVAD, RVAD, or TAH |
| Harvey et al, 201590 | Minnesota, USA | HeartMate II | Retrospective, cohort | 230 | 57.0 (14.0) | 80.4 | NR | BTT (80.4) DT (19.6) |
NR | Implantation between 2006 and 2013 | NR |
| Henderson et al, 201591 | Illinois, USA | CF LVAD | Retrospective, cohort | 56 | 52.4 (12.5) | NR | NR | NR | NR | Implantation between 2008 and 2014 | NR |
| Imamura et al, 201513 | Japan | Evaheart, Dura-Heart, HeartMate II, Jarvik 2000, Heart-Ware HVAD |
Retrospective, cohort | 57 | 40.0 (12.0) | 79.0 | Asian (100.0) | BTB (9.0) ICM (5.0) |
421 (325) d | NR | Driveline infection before first discharge |
| Krishna-moorthy et al, 201492 | North Carolina, USA | HeartMate II | Retrospective, case series | 5 | 63.0 (12.2) | 100.0 | NR | DT (100.0) ICM (80.0) |
NR | CIED lead removal after LVAD implant and ISHLT- defined LVAD infection | NR |
| Lushaj et al, 201593 | Wisconsin, USA | HeartMate II, Heart-Ware HVAD | Retrospective, case series | 128 | 57.8 | 84.3 | NR | DT (32.6) BTT (67.4) ICM (22.6) |
NR |
Between 1/2008 and 6/2014 | NR |
| Majure et al, 20159 | District of Columbia, USA | HeartMate II, Heart-Ware HVAD | Retrospective, case series | 141 | 54.6 (13.6) | 74.0 | African American (61.7) Other races not specified |
DT (36.1) BTT (63.9) ICM (35.0) |
NR | Implantation between 2011 and 2014 | Death before discharge |
| Maltais et al, 201594 | Multicenter | Heart-Ware HVAD | Registry study | 382 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | Secondary analysis of ADVANCE BTT and CAP trial | NR |
| Matsumoto et al, 201510 | Osaka, Japan | Evaheart, Heart-Mate II | Retrospective, cohort | 39 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | Implantation between 2007 and 2014 | NR |
| McCandless et al, 201595 | Utah, USA | HeartMate II | Retrospective, cohort | 57 | 56 (14.6) | 87.7 | NR | DT (25.0) BTT (75.0) |
302 (302) d | Utah Artificial Heart Program Database, between 2008 and 2012 | NR |
| McMenamy et al, 201596 | Sydney, Australia | CF LVAD | Retrospective, cohort | 85 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | Implantation between 2010 and 2014 | NR |
| Nishinaka et al, 201518 | Japan | Evaheart | Registry review | 108 | 42.0 (19) | NR | NR | NR | NR | Advanced heart failure, J-MACS registry | NR |
| Ono et al, 201597 | Japan | HeartMate II | Registry review | 104 | 41.7 | 76.0 | NR | BTT (100) | 299.2 d | J-MACS registry between 2013 and 2014 | NR |
| Potapov et al, 201598 | Europe | HeartMate II | Retrospective, cohort | 479 | NR | NR | NR | ICM (46.6) DCM (49.5) |
610 (592) d | Implant done at 1 of 3 high-volume European centers between 2006 and 2014 | NR |
| Trachtenberg et al, 201422 | Texas, USA | HeartMate II | Retrospective, case series | 149 | 55.4 (13) | 76.0 | NR | ICM (59.1) | 642 (531) d | Implantation between 2008 and 2012 | NR |
| Tsiouris et al, 201599 | Connecticut, USA | HeartMate II (136) Heart-Ware HVAD (13) | Retrospective, cohort | 149 | 53.7 (12.1) | 74.0 | White (59.0) African American (41.0) |
BTT (54.3) DT (45.7) ICM (37.0) NICM (63.0) |
435.7 (392.2) d | Implantation between 2006 and 2013 | NR |
| Van Meeteren et al, 201512 | USA | NR | Registry review | 734 | 57, median | 78.6 | NR | NR | NR | Hospital in Mechanical Circulatory Support Registry Network, between 2004 and 2014 | NR |
| Wus et al, 2015100 | Pennsylvania, USA | HeartMate II | Retrospective, case series | 68 | 57 (11.4) | 80.9 | White (60.3) Other races not specified |
NR | NR | First implant | No ICU-intermediate care–discharge pathway, implant at outside hospital, OHT during index hospitalization, never left ICU, had pump exchange |
| Yoshioka et al, 2014101 | Osaka, Japan | Jarvik 2000 | Retrospective, case series | 9 | 57 (11.0) | 77.8 | NR | DT (22.8) BTT (77.2) |
725 d, median | NR | NR |
| Yost et al, 201519 | Illinois, USA | NR | Retrospective, case series | 134 | 58 (13.1) | 73.1 | NR | NR | NR | Implantation between 2012 and 2014 | NR |
Abbreviations: ADVANCE, Ventricular Assist Device for the Treatment of Advanced Heart Failure; BTB, bridge to bridge; BTC, bridge to candidacy; BTD, bridge to destination therapy; BTT, bridge to transplant; CAP, continuous-access protocol; CF, continuous flow; CIED, cardiovascular implantable electronic device; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy; DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; DT, destination therapy; HCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; IABP, intraaortic balloon pump; ICM, ischemic cardiomyopathy; ICU, intensive care unit; INTERMACS, Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support; ISHLT, International Society for Heart and Lung Transplant; IV, intravenous; J-MACS, Japanese Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support; LVAD, left ventricular assist device; NICM, nonischemic cardiomyopathy; NR, not recorded; OHT, orthotopic heart transplant; PE, pulmonary embolus; PPM, peripartum cardiomyopathy; RV, right ventricular; RVAD, right ventricular assist device; TAH, total artificial heart.
a
Data presented as mean (standard deviation) or median (interquartile range)