Table 4.
Quality Assessments and Risk of Biasa
| Study | Risk of Selection Bias | Risk of Performance Bias | Risk of Detection Bias | Risk of Attrition Bias | Risk of Reporting Bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Miller et al, 200746 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Schulman et al, 200724 | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low |
| Struber et al, 200816 | Low | Low | Low | Low | High |
| Morshuis et al, 200947 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Unclear |
| Lahpor et al, 201048 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Unclear |
| Topkara et al, 201032 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Wieselthaler et al, 201049 | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low |
| Bogaev et al, 201139 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Unclear |
| Garbade et al, 201150 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| John et al, 201125 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| John et al, 201151 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Schaffer et al, 201115 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Starling et al, 201125 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Aggarwal et al, 201220 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Brewer et al, 201252 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Bomholt et al, 201153 | Low | Low | Low | Low | High |
| Chamogeorgakis et al, 201227 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear |
| Donahey et al, 201231 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear |
| Eleuteri et al, 201254 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Fleissner et al, 201229 | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low |
| Goldstein et al, 201230 | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear |
| Guerrero-Miranda et al, 201255 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | High |
| Hozayen et al, 201256 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Kamdar et al, 201557 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear |
| Krabatsch et al, 201258 | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | High |
| Maiani et al, 201259 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | High |
| Mano et al, 201260 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear |
| Menon et al, 201261 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Unclear |
| Park et al, 201262 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Unclear |
| Popov et al, 201263 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Unclear |
| Schibilsky et al, 201264 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear |
| Tarzia et al, 201265 | Unclear | Low | High | Low | High |
| Aldeiri et al, 201321 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | High | Unclear |
| Choudhary et al, 201328 | Low | Low | Low | High | Unclear |
| Forest et al, 201323 | Low | Low | Low | Low | High |
| Haj-Yahia et al, 200766 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Lalonde et al, 201367 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Nienaber et al, 201336 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Slaughter et al, 201368 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear |
| Smedira et al, 201317 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Stulak et al, 201369 | Low | Low | Low | High | High |
| Tong et al, 201326 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Wu et al, 201370 | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low |
| Baronetto et al, 201440 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear |
| Cagliostro et al, 201441 | Unclear | Low | High | Low | Unclear |
| Chan et al, 201471 | High | High | High | Low | Low |
| Cogswell et al, 201472 | High | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear |
| Dean et al, 201473 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Hieda et al, 201474 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low |
| Jennings et al, 201475 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| John et al, 201476 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Jorde et al, 201477 | Low | Low | Low | Low | High |
| Kimura et al, 201433 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Koval et al, 201478 | High | High | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear |
| Kretlow et al, 201414 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | High |
| Masood et al, 201437 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Moazami et al, 201479 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Nelson et al, 201480 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | High |
| Nishi et al, 201481 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear |
| Raymer et al, 201482 | Low | Low | Low | Low | High |
| Sabashnikov et al, 20148 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Unclear |
| Singh et al, 201483 | Low | Low | Low | Low | High |
| Subbotina et al, 201484 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear |
| Takeda et al, 201485 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | High |
| Abou el ela et al, 201586 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Akhter et al, 201534 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | High |
| Birks et al, 201587 | Low | Low | Unclear | High | Unclear |
| Fried et al, 201511 | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | High |
| Fudim et al, 201588 | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low |
| Haeck et al, 201589 | Low | Low | High | Low | High |
| Haglund et al, 201545 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear |
| Harvey et al, 201590 | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low |
| Henderson et al, 201591 | High | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Imamura et al, 201513 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | High |
| Krishna-moorthy et al, 201492 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Lushaj et al, 201593 | Low | Low | High | Low | High |
| Majure et al, 20159 | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear |
| Maltais et al, 201594 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear |
| Matsumoto et al, 201510 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear |
| McCandless et al, 201595 | High | High | Unclear | Low | Low |
| McMenamy et al, 201596 | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | High |
| Nishinaka et al, 201518 | Low | Low | High | Low | High |
| Ono et al, 201597 | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low |
| Potapov et al, 201598 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Trachtenberg et al, 201422 | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear |
| Tsiouris et al, 201599 | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | High |
| Van Meeteren et al, 201512 | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear |
| Wus et al, 2015100 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Yoshioka et al, 2014101 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
a
Risk of bias was assessed using the tool in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews7.