Fig. 4. Neural coding of face structure in highly composite dimensions.

This typical example neuron from face patch AM exhibits ramp-like tuning on a composite dimension along which forehead height, eyebrow shape, eye depth/surround contrast, nose length, mouth height, mouth shape, chin indentation, and face width all change gradually. This coding scheme is highly efficient for discriminating faces, but does not provide explicit, easily read signals for the underlying structure. Adapted with permission from the authors from Chang & Tsao (2017)⁵⁶.