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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Dev Biol. 2017 Oct 26;447(1):71–89. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.10.017

Figure 4. Mouse models are invaluable in decoding the developmental roles of the regulator family of Sprouty proteins.

Figure 4

(A-A’) E12.5 Spry2−/− mouse lung showing the normal ventral secondary branch (V1) and an ectopic branch (V*) that forms earlier and proximal to V1 (Metzger et al., 2008). (B-B’) Genetic deletion of Spry1;Spry2 in mice disrupts submandibular gland epithelial development resulting in a wide primary duct (white lines) and abnormal branching morphogenesis at E13 (Knosp et al., 2015). (C-C’) Kidneys and urogenital tract abnormalities in Spry1−/− newborn pups. Normal ureters and abnormal hydroureters are indicated by red and yellow arrows, respectively. Ad, adrenal; Ki, kidney; Ut, uterus (Basson et al., 2005). (D-D’) Fusion of the preputial (Pre) and labioscrotal (LS) folds along the ventral surface of the genital tubercle (GT) is disrupted in E16.5 male Spry1−/−;Spry2−/− mice, resulting in the absence of an internalized urethra in the proximal GT (red arrow) (Ching et al., 2014). (E-E’) Von Kossa/Safranin-O staining of E18.5 femur sections showed more proliferating chondrocytes in the growth plate of Spry2−/− mice than in that of wild type (Joo et al., 2016). (F-F”) E10.5 Spry1−/−;Spry2−/− mice have trigeminal defects, facial nerve defects, and glossopharyngeal and vagus cranial nerves display incomplete or irregular bridging between proximal and distal ganglia. Arrows highlight abnormal morphology, and asterisks indicate missing portions (Simrick et al., 2011). (G-G’) The region of the P0 Spry2−/− mouse cochlea shown has four rows of outer hair cells (OHCs) instead of the three found in control and elsewhere in the Spry2 null organ of Corti. PC, pillar cells; IHC, inner hair cells (Shim et al., 2005). (H-H’) Increased FGF signaling in Spry1−/−;Spry2−/− mice resulted in disorganized and compacted rugae at P0 (Economou et al., 2012). (I-I’) Gross appearance of wild type and Spry2−/−;Spry4−/− at E12.5. The arrow and arrowhead indicate hemorrhage and edema, respectively (Taniguchi et al., 2009). (J-J’) Abnormal length and thickness of adult Spry2−/−;Spry4+/− incisor as well as the absence of a sharp tip (asterisk) (Klein et al., 2008). Reprinted or adapted with permission.