Timeline of experimental procedures in days. After acclimation, rats underwent gonadectomy (OVX, CAST), sham surgery (SHAM), or no surgery (INTACT). Following recovery, rats received hormone (estradiol [E2] in females, testosterone [T] in males) or vehicle injections for 5–7 days prior and throughout ethanol self-administration. During extinction (EXT) and reinstatement (REIN), chronic hormone treatments ceased. Rats were acutely treated with either E2, T, PHTPP, fulvestrant (FULV), or clomiphene (CLOM) prior to cue+yohimbine- induced reinstatement of ethanol seeking.