Table 2B.
Inferential statistics for social looking indices— face looking (by observer, infants looking at caregivers’ faces vs. caregivers looking at infants’ faces), mutual gaze (by the dyad), body looking (by observer, infants looking at caregivers’ bodies vs. caregivers looking at infants’ bodies), and joint attention (by the dyad) —according to infant locomotor status. Face looking and body looking were tested in 2 observer (infant, caregiver) × by 2 infant locomotor status (crawler vs. walker) ANOVAs. Effects of locomotor status on mutual gaze and joint attention were tested in one-way ANOVAs.
| Measure | Status main effect | Observer main effect | Status × observer |
|---|---|---|---|
| Face looking | F(1,14) = 1.32, p = .270, partial-η2 = .086 | F(1, 14) = 125.65, p < .001, partial-η2 = .90 | F(1, 14) = 1.98, p = .182, partial-η2 = .12 |
| Mutual gaze | F(1, 14) = 0.25, p = .622, partial-η2 = .02 | -- | -- |
| Body looking | F(1, 14) = 1.11, p = .311, partial-η2 = .07 | F(1, 14) = 113.31, p < .001, partial-η2 = .89 | F(1, 14) = 0.81, p = .384, partial-η2 = .06 |
| Joint attention | F(1,14) = 0.30, p = .590, partial-η2 = .02 | -- | -- |
*
Significant results are shown in bold font.