Figure 1.

Components and structure of exosomes. Exosomes are small vesicular structures carrying various pathogenic miRNAs, mRNAs, DNA fragments, and proteins. The top 5 most commonly identified exosomal proteins are CD9, HSPA8, PDCD6IP, GADPH, and ACTB. HSPA8, heat shock protein family A member 8; PDCD6IP, programmed cell death 6 interacting protein; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; ACTB, actin β; HSP, heat shock protein; ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1; MHC, major histocompatibility complex; LBPA, lysobisphosphatidic acid.