Table I.
Participant characteristics for side of LDH, gender, age, BMI, VAS and JOA score of LDH in the different duration groups.
| Stage of duration of LDH | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Acute (L/R) | Remittent (L/R) | Recovery (L/R) | Sub-acute (L/R) | Chronic (L/R) |
| Side, n (left/right) | |||||
| L4-L5 segment | 21 (8/13) | 15 (9/6) | 13 (10/3) | 12 (8/4) | 10 (5/5) |
| 22 (10/12) | 18 (9/9) | 16 (7/9) | 11 (9/2) | 13 (6/7) | |
| L5-S1 segment | 31 (11/20) | 17 (8/9) | 13 (7/6) | 13 (5/8) | 15 (5/10) |
| 30 (11/19) | 21 (10/11) | 11 (3/8) | 13 (6/7) | 12 (4/8) | |
| Gender, n (male/female) | |||||
| L4-L5 segment | 17/4 | 10/5 | 9/4 | 7/5 | 7/3 |
| 11/11 | 11/7 | 5/11 | 4/7 | 6/7 | |
| L5-S1 segment | 18/13 | 9/8 | 6/7 | 11/2 | 9/6 |
| 13/17 | 8/13 | 5/6 | 6/7 | 6/6 | |
| Age, years | |||||
| L4-L5 segment | 34.71±8.31 | 37.33±7.37 | 35.46±6.50 | 36.25±7.98 | 36.70±7.99 |
| 53.18±6.28 | 53.33±5.60 | 51.13±4.50 | 53.36±5.52 | 52.08±3.55 | |
| L5-S1 segment | 36.10±6.56 | 34.88±9.87 | 34.15±6.43 | 35.85±4.95 | 36.67±5.42 |
| 53.20±5.96 | 52.00±4.50 | 54.64±6.55 | 54.08±4.52 | 52.42±5.76 | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | |||||
| L4-L5 segment | 21.17±1.84 | 21.17±1.58 | 21.05±1.65 | 21.29±1.54 | 21.14±1.96 |
| 21.43±1.85 | 21.35±1.63 | 21.23±1.61 | 21.25±1.89 | 20.55±1.59 | |
| L5-S1 segment | 21.14±1.76 | 21.07±1.68 | 21.34±1.63 | 21.34±1.80 | 20.29±1.36 |
| 21.30±1.88 | 21.35±1.51 | 21.31±1.62 | 20.64±1.84 | 20.86±1.93 | |
| VAS | |||||
| L4-L5 segment | 4.71±1.15 | 4.07±0.70 | 3.23±1.24 | 2.83±1.40 | 2.50±1.08 |
| 4.68±1.23 | 3.89±0.68 | 3.25±1.24 | 2.81±1.17 | 2.62±1.26 | |
| L5-S1 segment | 4.74±1.06 | 3.88±0.70 | 3.08±1.26 | 2.69±1.32 | 2.47±1.36 |
| 4.63±1.19 | 3.80±0.98 | 3.09±1.30 | 2.77±1.24 | 2.50±1.68 | |
| JOA score | |||||
| L4-L5 segment | 11.10±3.69 | 12.13±2.88 | 12.85±3.46 | 13.00±3.52 | 13.7±3.78 |
| 11.00±4.20 | 12.17±2.81 | 12.75±3.49 | 12.91±3.05 | 14.15±4.12 | |
| L5-S1 segment | 11.10±3.69 | 11.59±2.85 | 12.77±4.25 | 12.77±3.96 | 14.8±4.31 |
| 10.87±4.34 | 12.00±3.18 | 12.73±3.95 | 12.92±2.90 | 14.92±4.19 | |
Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. L/R, left side/right side; LDH, lumbar disc herniation; BMI, body mass index; VAS, visual analog scale for pain; JOA, Japanese Orthopedic Association.