Table 1. Summary of each nutrition intervention.
| Visits | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | 6th | 7th | 8th |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diet order | High-protein liquid diet | High-protein liquid diet | High-protein liquid diet | High-protein soft diet | General diet | General diet | NPO | NPO |
| Oral intake*, kcal/% | 600/45 | 500/40 | 600/45 | 680/50 | 230/20 | 150/10 | 30/2 | 0/0 |
| AN type | Lipid-free 2 in 1 preparation | Lipid-free 2 in 1 preparation | - | 5% Dextrose saline | 5% Dextrose saline, Amino acid preparation | 5% Dextrose saline | 5% Dextrose saline, Lipid preparation | 5% Dextrose saline |
| AN intake*, kcal/% | 251/20 | 251/20 | 0/0 | 85/7 | 140/10 | 140/10 | 585/45 | 85/7 |
| Total intake*, kcal/% | 851/65 | 751/60 | 600/45 | 765/60 | 370/30 | 290/20 | 615/45 | 85/7 |
| Albumin†, g/dL | 2.32 | - | - | - | 2.17 | - | 2.02 | - |
| CRP‡, mg/dL | 77.01 | - | - | - | 79.51 | - | 112.04 | - |
| Creatinine§, mg/dL | 1.03 | - | - | - | 1.38 | - | 1.63 | - |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 75.15 | - | - | - | 53.62 | - | 44.25 | - |
| Symptoms | General weakness, powerlessness, abdominal pain, fatigue | General weakness, melena | General weakness, input/output imbalance | General weakness, pain, dizziness, anxiety | General weakness, fatigue, abdominal pain, constipation, disabled mobility | General weakness, powerlessness, drowsy mental state, delirium, insomnia | General weakness, dyspnea, nausea | General weakness, pain, insomnia, nausea/vomiting |
| Nutrition interventions | Provide watery kimchi soup at every meal, apple juice instead of milk, and normal thin rice gruel instead of black sesame thin rice gruel for snacks meals | Encourage to intake orally within acceptable limits | Encourage to oral intake within acceptable limits | Encourage to eat small amounts of soft protein food and to eat the side dishes provided in the hospital meals | Encouraged to frequently consume small amounts of food | Encourage to oral intake within acceptable limits | - | - |
AN, artificial nutrition; CRP, C-reactive protein; eGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; NPO, nothing per os.
*Percentage (%) indicated ratio of total energy intake to required energy intake; †Normal range of albumin: 3.5–5.2 (g/dL); ‡Normal range of CRP: 0.0–5.0 (mg/dL); §Normal range of creatinine: 0.67–1.17 (mg/dL).