Table 1.
Sample characteristics stratified for severity of depressive symptoms (N = 14.499)
| Depressive symptoms (PHQ score) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–4 | 5–9 | 10–14 | 15–27 | |
| no | minimal | mild | moderately severe/severe | |
| Number | 9403 a | 3977 | 846 | 273 |
| Sex, female | 45.3% | 56.7% | 59.8% | 61.2% |
| Age, in years; mean (SD) | 55.2 (11.2) | 54.4 (11.0) | 53.1 (10.3) | 51.7 (9.8) |
| SES, (3–21), median (1st/ 3rd quartile) | 13.0 (10/17)) | 12.0 (9/16) | 11.0 (9/15) | 11.0 (8/14) |
| Current smoker | 17.9% | 21.0% | 27.1% | 30.1% |
| Depressive symptoms | ||||
| Somatic-affective, median (1st/ 3rd quartile) | 1 (1/2) | 4 (3/4) | 6 (5/7) | 9 (7/10) |
| Cognitive-affective, median (1st,/3rd quartile) | 0 (0/1) | 3 (2/4) | 5 (4/6) | 9 (8/10) |
| Any anxiety | 3.7% | 19.5% | 56.4% | 86.4% |
| Psychopharmacological treatment | 4.9% | 12.4% | 24.6% | 43.2% |
| Somatic conditions | ||||
| Risk determinants of MetS median (1st/3rd quartile) | 2 (1/3) | 2 (1/3) | 2 (1/3) | 2 (1/3) |
| Metabolic syndrome (full criteria) | 32.0% | 32.7% | 34.4% | 41.8% |
| High triglycerides(> = 150 mg/dl or on drug treatment for increased triglycerides) | 23.8% | 25.4% | 26.8% | 33.0% |
| Low HDL (< 40 mg/dl in men and < 50 mg/dl in women) | 16.9% | 18.6% | 27.1% | 25.5% |
| Hypertension(> 130 mmHg systolic or > 85 mmHg diastolic or on antihypertensive drug treatment) | 65.3% | 62.9% | 61.1% | 65.3% |
| Central obesity(waist circumference > 88 cm in women and > 94 cm in men) | 67.0% | 70.4% | 74.3% | 78.0% |
| High fasting blood glucose(> = 100 mg/dl or on drug treatment for increased glucose) | 21.8% | 19.5% | 18.5% | 17.2% |
| Diabetes | 8.5% | 9.8% | 11.5% | 11.8% |
| Obesity (BMI > =30) | 23.0% | 26.9% | 30.5% | 38.6% |
| Atrial fibrillation | 2.6% | 2.8% | 2.4% | 3.3% |
| CHD | 3.9% | 4.7% | 5.4% | 5.9% |
| Myocardial infarction | 2.6% | 3.5% | 2.7% | 3.3% |
| PAOD | 2.8% | 4.0% | 5.1% | 6.4% |
| Stroke | 1.6% | 1.9% | 3.0% | 1.8% |
| Cancer | 8.5% | 10.1% | 10.2% | 7.0% |
| Health care utilization (last 4 weeks) | ||||
| Consulted somatic physicians | 39.3% | 46.8% | 57.1% | 64.0% |
| Consulted psychiatrists | 0.2% | 0.5% | 2.1% | 9.2% |
| Consulted psychotherapists | 0.4% | 0.9% | 3.7% | 8.1% |
a A total of 511 participants were excluded from analyses because of missing data: 278 participants had missings in PHQ-9; 249 participants had missings in parameters necessary for the determination of MetS, mostly fasting blood glucose in 238 participants