Figure 5.
Host receptors in trypanosomatid-mediated arginase modulation. Trypanosomatids and virulence factors: Tb, Trypanosoma brucei; Tm, T. musculi; Lm, Leishmania major; Lb, L. braziliensis; Lp, L. pifanoi; Ld, L. donovani; Gp, glycoprotein; ES, excreted–secreted. Macrophage receptors: SIGN-R1, specific intercellular adhesion molecule grabbing non-integrin receptor 1; MMR, macrophage mannose receptor; TLR, toll-like receptor. Signal transduction molecules: MyD88, myeloid differentiation primary response 88; IRAK, interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase; AP, activator protein; NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B; STAT, signal transducers and activators of transcription; SHP, Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase; PTB, protein tyrosine phosphatase; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; JAK, Janus kinase (or just another kinase). Inflammatory markers: NO, nitric oxide; IL, interleukin; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.