Table 1.
Comparability of socioeconomic characteristics and health care utilization patterns by group before and after PSM
| Before PSM (N = 1461) | After PSM (N = 440) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Locals N(%) | Migrants N(%) | X2 significance | Locals N(%) | Migrants N(%) | X2 significance | |
| Sample size | 715 (48.9) | 746 (51.1) | 220 (50) | 220 (50) | ||
| Gender | 0.158 | 0.436 | ||||
| Male | 263 (36.8) | 311 (41.7) | 102 (46.4) | 94 (42.7) | ||
| Female | 451 (63.1) | 434 (58.2) | 117 (53.2) | 126 (57.3) | ||
| Age (years) | P < 0.001** | 0.063 | ||||
| < 31 | 57 (8.0) | 260 (34.9) | 40 (18.2) | 57 (25.9) | ||
| 31–60 | 348 (48.7) | 449 (60.2) | 154 (70.0) | 147 (66.8) | ||
| > 60 | 310 (43.3) | 37 (5.0) | 26 (11.8) | 16 (7.3) | ||
| Occupation | P < 0.001** | 0.501 | ||||
| Employed | 223 (31.2) | 173 (23.2) | 165 (75) | 171 (77.7) | ||
| Retired or unemployed | 492 (68.8) | 573 (76.8) | 55 (25) | 49 (22.3) | ||
| Education | P < 0.001** | 0.556 | ||||
| Primary school or below | 122 (17.1) | 93 (12.5) | 27 (12.3) | 20 (9.1) | ||
| Middle/high school | 392 (54.8) | 515 (69.3) | 118 (53.6) | 123 (55.9) | ||
| Bachelor’s degree or above | 197 (27.6) | 135 (18.2) | 75 (34.1) | 77 (35.0) | ||
| Income | 0.333 | 0.917 | ||||
| < 5000 | 215 (30.1) | 244 (32.7) | 63 (28.6) | 60 (27.3) | ||
| 5000–10,000 | 255 (35.7) | 240 (32.2) | 74 (33.6) | 73 (33.2) | ||
| > 10,000 | 245 (34.3) | 262 (35.1) | 83 (37.7) | 87 (39.5) | ||
| Marital status | P < 0.001** | 0.643 | ||||
| Unmarried | 34 (4.8) | 88 (11.8) | 22 (10) | 25 (11.4) | ||
| Married | 681 (95.2) | 658 (88.2) | 198 (90) | 195 (88.6) | ||
| Health status | P < 0.001** | 0.679 | ||||
| Fair or poor | 586 (82) | 536 (71.8) | 155 (70.5) | 151 (68.6) | ||
| Very good or good | 129 (18) | 210 (28.2) | 65 (29.5) | 69 (31.4) | ||
| Chronic diseases | P < 0.001** | 0.302 | ||||
| No | 282 (39.4) | 552 (74) | 147 (66.8) | 157 (71.4) | ||
| Yes | 433 (60.6) | 194 (26) | 73 (33.2) | 63 (28.6) | ||
| Number of CHC visits in the last year | P < 0.001** | 0.093 | ||||
| < 6 | 270 (37.8) | 522 (70) | 121 (55) | 143 (65.0) | ||
| 6–30 | 377 (52.7) | 214 (28.7) | 91 (41.4) | 72 (32.7) | ||
| > 30 | 68 (9.5) | 10 (1.3) | 8 (3.6) | 5 (2.3) | ||
| Contracted with PCP | P < 0.001** | 1.000 | ||||
| Yes | 96 (13.4) | 35 (4.7) | 19 (8.6) | 17 (7.7) | ||
| No | 619 (86.6) | 711 (95.3) | 201 (91.4) | 203 (92.3) | ||
| Social medical insurance | P < 0.001** | 1.000 | ||||
| Basic medical insurance systems for urban workers | 506 (70.8) | 121 (16.2) | 120 (54.5) | 120 (54.5) | ||
| Basic medical insurance systems for residents | 190 (26.6) | 334 (44.8) | 82 (37.3) | 82 (37.3) | ||
| Without medical insurance | 19 (2.6) | 291 (39) | 18 (8.2) | 18 (8.2) | ||
Note:1. N number of patients; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; PSM propensity score matching, PCP primary care physician
2. Differences were explored using the chi-square test between urban locals (with ‘hukou’) and rural-to-urban migrants (without ‘hukou’) who settled permanently or temporarily somewhere other than the original household registration location before and after propensity score matching