Table 1.

Summary of α-, β-, and γ-diversity patterns under different scenarios^a

	Number of subdivision	Low number of demes		High number of demes
		High migration rate	Low migration rate	High migration rate	Low migration rate
High parental contribution	α ↓ ↓ β ↑ ↑ γ~	α ↓ ↓ β ↑ ↑ βw ↑ ↑ βb ↑ ↑ γ~ γw~	α ↓  ↓ ↓ β ↑  ↑ ↑ βw ↑ ↑ βb ↑  ↑ ↑ γ~ γw↓	α ↓  ↓ ↓ β ↑  ↑ ↑ βw ↑ ↑ βb ↑  ↑ ↑ γ~ γw ↓  ↓ ↓	α ↓  ↓  ↓ ↓ β ↑  ↑  ↑ ↑ βw↑ βb ↑  ↑  ↑ ↑ γ~ γw ↓  ↓ ↓
High environmental contribution	α ↑ ↑ β ↓ ↓ γ~	α ↑ ↑ β ↓ ↓ βw ↓ ↓ βb ↓ ↓ γ~ γw~	α ↑ ↑ β ↓ ↓ βw ↓ ↓ βb ↓ ↓ γ~ γw~	α ↑ ↑ β ↓ ↓ βw ↓ ↓ βb ↓ ↓ γ~ γw ↓  ↓ ↓	α ↑ ↑ β ↓ ↓ βw ↓ ↓ βb ↓ ↓ γ~ γw ↓  ↓ ↓
High parental contribution (long term)	α ↓ ↓ β ↑ ↓ γ ↓ ↓	–	–	–	–
High environmental contribution (long term)	α ↑ ↑ β ↓ ↓ γ ↑ ↑	–	–	–	–

^a↓: declining; ↑: increasing; more consecutive ↓/↑ represents a greater change; ↑↓:first increasing then declining; ~: fluctuation and no obvious trend