Table 2.
Clinical Characteristics, by PN Reimbursement Status
| Parameter | Patients with PN Reimbursement (N = 142) |
Patients without PN Reimbursement (N = 258) |
p-value* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Type of diabetesa | |||
| Type 1 (%) | 4 (2.8) | 22 (8.6) | 0.0260 |
| Type 2 (%) | 138 (97.2) | 235 (91.4) | |
| Duration of time with diabetes (years) | |||
| Mean (SD) | 11.8 (7.3) | 11.8 (7.7) | 0.9750 |
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 11 (7, 15) | 11 (5, 16) | |
| HbA1c | |||
| Mean (SD) | 8.0 (1.5) | 8.0 (1.8) | 0.7484 |
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 7.6 (6.8, 8.9) | 7.6 (6.8, 8.8) | |
| Glucose controla | |||
| HbA1c < 7% (%) | 43 (30.3) | 81 (31.4) | 0.8177 |
| HbA1c ≥ 7% (%) | 99 (69.7) | 177 (68.6) | |
| BMI | |||
| Mean (SD) | 25.1 (3.1) | 25.6 (3.2) | 0.0951 |
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 24.8 (22.7, 27.1) | 25.4 (23.5, 27.6) | |
| Frequency of hypoglycemia in previous six monthsa | |||
| 0 (%) | 60 (42.3) | 104 (40.5) | 0.4695 |
| 1–2 (%) | 42 (29.6) | 66 (25.7) | |
| 3+ (%) | 40 (28.2) | 87 (33.9) | |
| Duration of insulin therapy (years) | |||
| Mean (SD) | 5.9 (5.0) | 5.4 (4.3) | 0.4444 |
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 5 (2, 8) | 4 (2, 8) | |
| Presence of CVD† (% Yes) | 87 (61.3) | 103 (39.9) | < 0.0001 |
| Presence of hyperlipidemiaa (% Yes) | 77 (54.2) | 48 (18.6)) | < 0.0001 |
| Presence of lipohypertrophya (% Yes) | 59 (41.6) | 153 (59.3) | 0.0007 |
| Number of lipohypertrophy nodes | |||
| Mean (SD) | 1.5 (0.7) | 2.7 (2.5) | < 0.0001 |
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 1 (1, 2) | 2 (1, 3) | |
| Longest diameter of lipohypertrophy nodes | |||
| Mean (SD) | 16.8 (18.6) | 16.1 (11.9) | 0.1224 |
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 10 (5, 22) | 15 (8, 20) | |
*Differences in continuous variables were tested using Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests for non-normally distributed variables and the Student t-test for normally distributed variables; differences in categorical variables were tested using χ2 tests; p-values < 0.05 were considered significant
aPercentages represent column percentages
CVD Cardiovascular disease, HbA1c Hemoglobin A1c, Q1 Lower 25th percentile, Q3 Upper 25th percentile, SD Standard deviation