Table 2.
Overview of genes related to cholesterol synthesis assessed for differential expression
| Gene symbol | Alternative symbol | Gene name | Gene function |
|---|---|---|---|
| ACAT1 | acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 | Synthesis | |
| ACAT2 | acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 2 | Synthesis | |
| HMGCS1 | 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1 | Synthesis | |
| HMGCS2 | 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 | Synthesis | |
| HMGCR | 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase | Synthesis (rate limiting enzyme) | |
| MVK | mevalonate kinase | Synthesis | |
| PMVK | phosphomevalonate kinase | Synthesis | |
| MVD | mevalonate decarboxylase | Synthesis | |
| IDI1 | isopentenyl-diphosphate delta isomerase 1 | Synthesis | |
| IDI2 | isopentenyl-diphosphate delta isomerase 2 | Synthesis | |
| FDPS | farnesyl diphosphate synthase | Synthesis | |
| GGPS1 | geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase 1 | Synthesis | |
| FDFT1 | farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1 | Synthesis | |
| SQLE | squalene epoxidase | Synthesis | |
| LSS | lanosterol synthase | Synthesis | |
| DHCR24 | 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase | Synthesis | |
| CYP51A1 | cytochrome P450 family 51 subfamily A polypeptide 1 | Synthesis | |
| TM7SF2 | transmembrane 7 superfamily member 2 | Synthesis | |
| FAXDC2 | C5orf4 | fatty acid hydroxylase domain containing 2 | Synthesis |
| MSMO1 | SC4MOL | methylsterol monooxygenase | Synthesis |
| NSDHL | NAD(P) dependent steroid dehydrogenase-like | Synthesis | |
| HSD17B7 | hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 7 | Synthesis | |
| EBP | emopamil binding protein (sterol isomerase) | Synthesis | |
| SC5D | SC5DL | sterol-C5-desaturase | Synthesis |
| DHCR7 | 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase | Synthesis (last step before cholesterol) | |
| CEL | carboxyl ester lipase | Esterification | |
| LIPA | lipase A, lysosomal acid, cholesterol esterase | Esterification | |
| SOAT1 | sterol O-acetyltransferase 1 | Esterification | |
| SOAT2 | sterol O-acetyltransferase 2 | Esterification | |
| ABCA1 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A | Efflux | |
| ABCG1 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family G | Efflux | |
| SLCO2B1 | solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 | Transport | |
| SLCO1B3 | solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3 | Transport | |
| LDLR | low density lipoprotein receptor | Uptake | |
| APOE | apolipoprotein E | Component for IDL, HDL and VLDL | |
| SREBF1 | sterol binding element transcription factor 1 | Transcriptional activation | |
| SREBF2 | sterol binding element transcription factor 2 | Transcriptional activation (main activator) | |
| SCAP | SREBF chaperone | Transcriptional activation | |
| MBTPS1 | S1P | membrane bound transcription factor peptidase site 1 | Transcriptional activation |
| MBTPS2 | S2P | membrane bound transcription factor peptidase site 2 | Transcriptional activation |
| INSIG1 | insulin induced gene 1 | HMGCR degradation | |
| INSIG2 | insulin induced gene 2 | HMGCR degradation | |
| AMFR | GP78 | autocrine motility factor receptor E3 ubiquitin protein ligase | HMGCR degradation |
| NR1H3 | LXRA | nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 3 | Transcriptional repression |
| NR1H2 | LXRB | nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 2 | Transcriptional repression |
| RXRA | retinoid X receptor alpha | Transcriptional repression | |
| RXRB | retinoid X receptor beta | Transcriptional repression | |
| MYLIP | IDOL | myosin regulatory light chain interacting protein | Degradation of LDLR |