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. 2018 Apr 20;9:386. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00386

FIGURE 5.

FIGURE 5

Effects of HO-1 on curcumin-mediated anti-neuroinflammatory effects in LTA-stimulated microglial cells. (A,B) Cells were cultured with increasing concentrations of curcumin for 4 h or 20 μM of curcumin for the indicated times. mRNA expression level of HO-1 was determined by qRT-PCR. (C,D) Cells were cultured with increasing concentrations of curcumin for 8 h or 20 μM of curcumin for the indicated times. HO-1 protein expression was determined by western blot. (E,F) Cells were incubated with 20 μM curcumin for the indicated time or were incubated with the indicated concentration of curcumin for 1 h. Nuclear localization of Nrf2 was determined by western blot. TBP was used as a protein loading control for each lane. (G,H) The cells were incubated with curcumin for 1 h and then exposed to LTA with or without the HO-1 inhibitor SnPP (20 μM, HO-1 inhibitor) for 16 h. The secretion of NO and TNF-α were determined. Statistical significance was determined by Student’s t-test. Each bar represents the mean (SD) from three independent experiments per group. #P < 0.01 vs. negative control, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001 vs. the LTA-treated group.