TABLE 3—
Results From Multilevel Models Investigating Associations Between Sociodemographic and Climate Variables and Children’s Birth Weight in Kenya (2008 and 2014) and Mali (2006 and 2012) by Agricultural Specialization
| Kenya |
Mali |
|||||
| Variables | Cash Croppers, b (95% CI) | Food Croppers, b (95% CI) | Pastoralists, b (95% CI) | Cash Croppers, b (95% CI) | Food Croppers, b (95% CI) | Pastoralists, b (95% CI) |
| Temperature | ||||||
| No. of months above 35 °Ca | −11.66 (−45.2, 21.8) | −70.58 (−170.7, −105.9) | −2.75 (−34.4, 28.9) | −12.27 (−74.1, 49.6) | −23.52 (−53.9, 6.9) | 0.62 (−48.7, 51.1) |
| BIC | 57 659 | 75 207 | 15 559 | 16 001 | 23 336 | 7 899 |
| Precipitation | ||||||
| Average precipitation (100 mm)b | −16.83 (−51.9, 18.2) | 47.09 (77.7, 106.9) | 109.61 (38.1, 181.2) | 22.23 (−188.5, 233.0) | 88.75 (16.7, 194.2) | 81.26 (29.6, 288.9) |
| BIC | 57 658 | 75 203 | 15 548 | 15 999 | 23 333 | 7 897 |
| NDVI | ||||||
| NDVIc | −28.86 (−92.7, 35.0) | −1.93 (−30.7, 23.1) | 11.02 (−108.6, 130.7) | −131.24 (−924.6, 662.1) | 397.26 (70.7, 723.8) | −34.85 (−456.0, 319.4) |
| BIC | 57 657 | 75 212 | 15 556 | 15 851 | 23 121 | 7 895 |
| Temperature, precipitation, NDVI | ||||||
| No. of months above 35 °Ca | −15.11 (−48.9, 18.7) | −62.87 (−155.6, −90.8) | 9.24 (−23.4, 41.9) | −14.59 (−77.4, 48.2) | −0.38 (−38.4, 37.6) | 0.62 (−51.0, 53.5) |
| Average precipitation (100 mm)b | −18.26 (−53.5, 17.0) | 45.16 (73.8, 103.2) | 115.19 (41.4, 189.09) | 11.95 (−203.2, 227.1) | 46.06 (−69.3, 161.4) | 88.11 (40.9, 304.4) |
| NDVIc | −31.19 (−95.3, 32.9) | 7.11 (−12.9, 40.7) | 23.09 (−96.9, 143.0) | −160.83 (−969.7, 648.1) | 340.82 (−76.5, 758.2) | −83.68 (−575.3, 247.2) |
| BIC | 57 657 | 75 199 | 15 544 | 15 844 | 23 118 | 7 886 |
| Total cases, no. | 3 784 | 4 785 | 1 015 | 1 143 | 1 698 | 575 |
Notes. BIC = Bayesian information criterion; CI = confidence interval; NDVI = Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. Models are stratified by agricultural specialization and represent changes in birth weight in grams. Adjusted for mother’s age, weight, height, education, marital and employment status; baby’s sex and birth order; household's floor type and urban or rural residence; and source of birth weight data (recall or written card).
Number of months during the 12 months preceding birth when the average maximum temperature exceeded 35 °C. Unit change—every additional month with maximum monthly temperature above 35 °C.
Average monthly precipitation in millimeters during the 12 months preceding birth. Unit change—a 100-mm increase in precipitation.
Maximum value of NDVI. Unit change—every additional increase of index value by 0.01.