Table 1.

Studies assessing the effect of hyperprolactinaemia treatment on male fertility.

Reference	Treatment	Duration, months	Design	Sample size	Effect
Laufer et al. [10]	Bromocriptine	2–4	Observational	10 men with hyperprolactinaemia	Prolactin level normalised in all patients. Three oligoasthenospermic men showed a marked increase in sperm motility; their wives conceived within 5–8 weeks of treatment after longstanding infertility
De Rosa et al. [13]	Cabergoline	24	Comparative	32 men with macroprolactinomas 11 men with microprolactinomas 60 age-matched men for control	24 months of cabergoline treatment restored gonadal function in 66.7% of men with hyperprolactinaemia
Colao et al. [14]	Cabergoline	6	Comparative	41 men with macroprolactinomas 10 men with microprolactinomas 51 age-matched men for control	Testosterone levels normalised in 25 patients with macro- (60.9%) and 6 with microprolactinoma (60%) after 6 months, and 20 patients required testosterone or gonadotrophin replacement (in 14 or 6 patients, respectively); and sperm volume and count normalised in all patients with normalised testosterone levels, whereas motility normalised in >80%
Walia et al. [11]	Cabergoline	6	Prospective observational	15 men with macroprolactinomas	After cabergoline therapy, there was significant improvement in seminal volume, sperm count and motility and sperm count correlated with peak FSH response (r = 0.53, P < .05)
Modebe et al. [12]	Bromocriptine	2.25–3	Prospective observational	7 men with hyperprolactinaemia and oligospermia	Serum prolactin was reduced to normal in all and increased sperm count to normal in 4/7. The wives of 2 of the responders became pregnant.
Nishimura et al. [17]	Bromocriptine		Prospective observational	10 men with hyperprolactinaemia and infertility	No changes were noted in the LH, FSH, testosterone, or oestradiol concentrations or in the sperm density and motility after treatment
De Rosa et al. [15]	Cabergoline vs bromocriptine	6	Comparative	7 men with macroprolactinomas treated with cabergoline 10 men with macroprolactinomas treated with bromocriptine	The treatment with cabergoline normalised prolactin levels, improving gonadal and sexual function and fertility in males with prolactinoma, earlier than did bromocriptine treatment, providing good tolerability and excellent patient compliance to medical treatment
Colao et al. [16]	Quinagolide	6–24	Prospective observational	13 men with macroprolactinomas 1 with microprolactinoma	The treatment with quinagolide normalised prolactin levels, improved gonadal and sexual function and fertility in males with prolactinoma, providing good tolerability and compliance