Table 2.
Proposed antioxidants in various clinical scenarios based on available evidence.
| Clinical circumstance | Antioxidant | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Basic semen parameters | ||
| Oligozoospermia | Vitamin E, vitamin C, NAC, carnitines, CoQ10, lycopene, selenium and zinc | |
| Vitamin E (300 mg) | [14] | |
| Vitamin E (180 mg), vitamin A (30 mg) and essential fatty acids or NAC (600 mg) | [33] | |
| NAC (600 mg) + other vitamins/minerals | [15] | |
| LC (2 g) | [16] | |
| CoQ10 (300 mg) | [17] | |
| NAC (600 mg) and selenium (200 µg) | [18] | |
| Folic acid (5 mg) + zinc (66 mg) | [19] | |
| Lycopene (2 mg) | [34] | |
| Asthenozoospermia | Vitamin E, vitamin C, NAC, carnitines, CoQ10, lycopene, selenium and zinc | |
| Vitamin E (400 mg) + selenium (200 μg) | [35] | |
| Zinc (400 mg), vitamin E (20 mg) and vitamin C (10 mg) | [20] | |
| LC (2 g) and LAC (1 g) | [21] | |
| CoQ10 (300 mg) | [17] | |
| NAC (600 mg) | [22] | |
| NAC (600 mg) and selenium (200 µg) | [18] | |
| Lycopene (2 mg) | [34] | |
| Teratozoospermia | Vitamin E, NAC, lycopene, selenium and zinc | |
| Vitamin E (400 mg) + selenium (200 μg) | [35] | |
| NAC (600 mg) and selenium (200 µg) | [18] | |
| Zinc (400 mg), vitamin E (20 mg) and vitamin C (10 mg) | [20] | |
| Lycopene (8 mg) | [36] | |
| Advanced sperm function | ||
| High SDF | Vitamin E, vitamin C, zinc, selenium and folic acid | |
| Vitamin E (1 g) + vitamin C (1 g) | [23] | |
| Vitamin C (400 mg), vitamin E (400 mg), b-carotene (18 mg), zinc (500 µmol) and selenium (1 µmol) | [37] | |
| LC (1500 mg); vitamin C (60 mg); CoQ10 (20 mg); vitamin E (10 mg); zinc (10 mg); folic acid (200 μg), selenium (50 μg); vitamin B12 (1 μg) | [38], [39] | |
| OS | Vitamin E, vitamin C, NAC, selenium and zinc | |
| Vitamin E (300 mg) | [24] | |
| Vitamin E (180 mg) and β-carotene (30 mg) | [33] | |
| Vitamin E (20 mg), vitamin C (10 mg) and zinc (400 mg) | [20] | |
| Vitamin E (400 mg) and selenium (225 g) | [25] | |
| NAC (600 mg) | [22] | |
| Improving success rate of ART | Vitamin E, vitamin C, lycopene, CoQ10, folic acid, selenium, zinc | |
| Vitamin E (200 mg daily) | [40] | |
| Lycopene (6 mg), vitamin E (400 IU), vitamin C (100 mg), zinc (25 mg), selenium (26 g), folate (0.5 mg) and garlic (1 g) | [26] | |
| Vitamin E (600 mg) | [29] | |
| Vitamin C (1 g) + vitamin E (1 g) | [42] | |
| Live-birth rate | Vitamin E, vitamin C, carnitines, coQ10, and zinc | |
| CoQ10 (300 mg) | [17], [41] | |
| Vitamin E (300 mg) | [24] | |
| Zinc (5000 mg) | [27] | |
| Vitamin E (1 g) + vitamin C (1 g) | [23] | |
| Carnitines: LC (2 g) + LAC (1 g/day) | [28] |