Table 4.

Maternal characteristics and perinatal outcomes for women who disclosed IPV at the first booking visit compared with those who have not

	IPV reported, n=1302	IPV not reported, n=29 026	P values
Maternal age*	28.7 (5.46)	28.6 (6.07)	0.29
Body mass index*	26.6 (6.54)	27.1 (7.17)	<0.001
Multiparous	82.7%	68.8%	<0.001
Smoking	26.8%	11.0%	<0.001
Hypertension diagnosed in pregnancy	1.5%	2.4%	0.04
Gestational diabetes	9.4%	8.6%	0.96
Threatened premature labour	5.5%	3.1%	<0.001
Any Antepartum haemorrhage	2.22%	1.55%	0.08
Antenatal admission	10.8%	8.6%	0.006
Gestation at birth†	39.2 (1.96)	39.1 (1.90)	0.12
Birth type
Normal vaginal birth	66.7 %	61.6 %	<0.001
Instrumental birth	7.0 %	10.9 %	<0.001
Caesarean section	26.3 %	27.5 %	<0.001
Epidural usage‡	29.7%	28.3%	0.36
Third-degree and fourth-degree tears‡	0.46%	1.3%	0.01
Episiotomy‡	18.8%	25.5%	0.05
Postpartum blood transfusion	1.08%	0.83%	0.94
Birth weight*	3349 (568.0)	3344 (573.6)	0.77
Admitted to special care nursery/neonatal intensive care unit	8.6%	8.5%	0.88
Stillbirth rate/1000 births	3.9	5.4	0.49
Feeding difficulty	38.6%	39.6%	0.49
Male gender	51.0%	51.3%	0.88
Fetal growth restriction	6.5%	4.8%	0.03

*Mean, SD and t-test.

†Median, IQR, Mann-Whitney U.

‡As a % of vaginal births.

IPV, intimate partner violence.