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. 2018 Apr 24;8(4):e019906. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019906

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1-1-1 multilevel mediation model with all variables measured at level 1, but all causal paths (direct=c_j´, indirect=a_jb_j and total effects=c_j´+a_jb_j) are allowed to vary between level 2 clusters. BIPQ, Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire; NRS, Numeric Rating Scale; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; PEI, Patient Enablement Index.