Fig 3. Cdkl5 -/Y mice show significantly enhanced anxiety-like behaviors.

(A-D) The light/dark transition test. (A) Cdkl5 -/Y mice show a significantly decreased distance traveled in the light chamber and an increased distance in the dark chamber. (B) Cdkl5 -/Y mice show a significantly decreased stay time in the light chamber. (C) Cdkl5 -/Y mice show a significantly decreased number of transitions between chambers. (D) Cdkl5 -/Y mice show a tendency to increase in the latency to light chamber, but without statistical significance. (E-H) The open field test. (E) (i) Total distance traveled (cm) in 120 minutes. Each bin represents a mean value in 5 minutes. There is no significant difference between two genotypes (p = 0.8038). (ii) Total distance traveled during the first 5 minutes. Each bin represents a mean value in one minute. Marked reduction in the distance traveled of Cdkl5 -/Y mice is observed. (F) The vertical activity. Cdkl5 -/Y mice show a significantly decreased vertical activity in the whole period, compared with the control mice (p = 0.0001). There is a significant time x genotype effect (p = 0.0004). (G) Center time (sec). In the whole period, there is no significant difference of the center time between two genotypes (p = 0.1719). However, in the first 5 minutes (first bin), Cdkl5 -/Y mice show a marked decrease in the center time. (H) Stereotypic counts. In the whole period, there is no significant difference between two genotypes (p = 0.1719), but time x genotype effect is significant (p < 0.0001). (I-L) The elevated plus maze test. (I) Cdkl5 -/Y mice show a significantly decreased number of entries into all arms. (J) Cdkl5 -/Y mice show a significantly decreased distance traveled. (K) There is no difference in the number of entries into open arms between two genotypes. (L) Cdkl5 -/Y mice show a significantly decreased time spent on the open arms. Cdkl5 +/Y, n = 22; Cdkl5 -/Y, n = 22. Data indicate means ± SEM.