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. 2016 Jun;16(3):272–276. doi: 10.7861/clinmedicine.16-3-272

Fig 1.

Fig 1.

Interrelation between HF and AF demonstrating the causality of each and the mechanisms for one worsening the other. AF = atrial fibrillation; HR = heart failure. Adapted from Anter E, Jessup M, Callans DJ. Atrial fibrillation and heart failure: treatment considerations for a dual epidemic. Circulation 2009;119:2516–25.