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. 2018 Apr 27;4(4):eaas8925. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aas8925

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Copyright © 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, so long as the resultant use is not for commercial advantage and provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 1 — (A) Schematic illustration of the fabrication of CNFAs. (B) XPS spectrum of CNFAs for all elements. a.u., arbitrary unit. (C) A CNFA heated by a butane blowtorch without any damage. (D) An optical image of CNFAs with diverse shapes. (E) An optical image showing a 20-cm³ CNFA (ρ = 0.15 mg cm⁻³) standing on the tip of a feather. (F to H) Microscopic structure of CNFAs at different magnifications demonstrating the hierarchical nanofibrous cellular architecture. (I) STEM-EDS images of a single nanofiber with corresponding elemental mapping images of Si, O, Al, and B, respectively. (J) Schematic showing the three levels of hierarchy of the relevant structures.