FIG 3.

Astrocytes rapidly induce viral RNA-sensing PRRs following MHV A59 infection. Microglia and astrocytes were isolated by FACS from brains of naive or MHV A59-infected GFAP-GFP mice as indicated in Fig. 2 and analyzed for transcripts encoding RNA-sensing PRRs (Mda5, Rig-I, and Tlr3), kinases associated with IFN-α/β induction (Ikkε), and transcription factors (Irf3, Irf7) by RT-PCR. Data represent the means ± SEM from two experiments, each comprising 5 or 6 pooled brains per time point, and were analyzed by the unpaired two-tailed Student t test and two-way ANOVA. *, significance between microglia and astrocytes; #, significance compared to each respective naive population: * and #, P < 0.05; ** and ##, P < 0.01; *** and ###, P < 0.001.