FIG 1.

Study design, including oral intragastric immunization regimens and schematic representation of immunization and challenge. Four groups of Mamu-B*08-negative and Mamu-B*17-negative adult Indian RMs were immunized daily for 5 days (blue arrows), as follows: 10 received L. plantarum (LP) only, 10 received iSIV only, 17 received a sham intragastric immunization, and 17 animals received iSIV and L. plantarum. Six months following the final immunization, all RMs were challenged intrarectally with a single dose of SIV_mac239 (10,000 TCID₅₀) (red arrow). All infected animals were monitored for up to 4 months after the first detection of SIV viremia of >1,000 copies/ml. Blood was collected at intervals throughout the study.