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. 2018 Apr 27;9:1707. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04067-1

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Enhanced STH efficiencies on double-band GaN:Mg/InGaN:Mg photochemical diodes. a Room temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectrum depicting optical emission peaks at ~365 nm (GaN) and at ~485 nm (In_0.22Ga_0.78N). The inset shows 15° tilted SEM image of the photochemical diodes. Scale bar, 1 µm. b H₂ evolution rate in overall neutral (pH ~ 7.0) water splitting for various photocatalyst samples under different excitation conditions. All the photocatalysts contain Rh/Cr₂O₃ as HER co-catalyst, photo-deposited on the surface. Photochemical diodes provided two-fold enhancement in solar to hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiency compared to their nanowire counterparts. c Stoichiometric H₂ and O₂ evolution rate and the time course of overall water splitting, demonstrating balanced redox reaction and stability of nanowire photochemical diodes. d Comparative illustration of apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) and energy conversion efficiency (ECE) for different photocatalyst samples, derived under full arc using AM1.5 G filter (FA) and 400 nm long-pass filter (400LP)