Fig. 2.

Drug transport through nanochannels. Cumulative diffusive mass transport of histamine (positive) (a), cefazolin (negative) (b), and phenylalanine (neutral) (c), chosen as representative of the three different charge states. Release curves are measured for a scaled series of nanochannels over 24 h. The released molecules were dissolved in a 50 mM NaCl aqueous solution within a dual reservoir system housing source and drain chambers separated by a nanochannel membrane. The concentration of molecule released from the source into the sink reservoir was measured via UV spectrophotometry. Each of the data points denotes the average of three individual replicates, error bars are ±sd