Table 5.

Advantages and disadvantages of different approaches reviewed.

Approaches Considered	Pros	Cons
Trained dogs	Highest diagnostic accuracy achieved	Influence of the discriminative ability on experimental protocol adopted; expensive and time-intensive dog training
Electronic noses	Rapid and relative inexpensive analysis	No uniformity concerning sample preparation, analysis and data processing techniques
Chemical analysis	Identification and quantification of possible PCa biomarker	Divergent opinions upon the concentrations of same metabolites in PCa samples with respect to controls; time-intensive analysis