Table 2.
Phage products approved for food safety applications.
| Company | Phage Product | Target Organism(s) | Regulatory | Certifications | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FINK TEC GmbH (Hamm, Germany) | Secure Shield E1 | E. coli | FDA, GRN 724 pending as of 19 March 2018 | ||
| Intralytix, Inc. (Baltimore, MD, USA) | Ecolicide® (EcolicidePX™) | E. coli O157:H7 | USDA, FSIS Directive 7120.1 | ||
| EcoShield™ | E. coli O157:H7 | FDA, FCN 1018; Israel Ministry of Health; Health Canada | Kosher; Halal | [17,27,29,30,32,34] | |
| ListShield™ | L. monocytogenes | FDA, 21 CFR 172.785; FDA, GRN 528; EPA Reg. No. 74234-1; Israel Ministry of Health; Health Canada | Kosher; Halal; OMRI | [10,35,36] | |
| SalmoFresh™ | Salmonella spp. | FDA, GRN 435; USDA, FSIS Directive 7120.1; Israel Ministry of Health; Health Canada | Kosher; Halal; OMRI | [59,60] | |
| ShigaShield™ (ShigActive™) | Shigella spp. | FDA, GRN 672 | [66,69] | ||
| Micreos Food Safety (Wageningen, Netherlands) | PhageGuard Listex™ | L. monocytogenes | FDA, GRN 198/218; FSANZ; EFSA; Swiss BAG; Israel Ministry of Health; Health Canada | Kosher; Halal; OMRI; SKAL | [37,38,39,40,43,44,45,46,47] |
| PhageGuard S™ | Salmonella spp. | FDA, GRN 468; FSANZ; Swiss BAG; Israel Ministry of Health; Health Canada | Kosher; Halal; OMRI; SKAL | [63,64] | |
| E. coli O157:H7 | FDA, GRN 757 pending as of 19 March 2018 | ||||
| Passport Food Safety Solutions (West Des Moines, IA, USA) | Finalyse® | E. coli O157:H7 | USDA, FSIS Directive 7120.1 | ||
| Phagelux (Shanghai, China) | AgriPhage™ | Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato | EPA Reg. No. 67986-1 | ||
| SalmoPro® | Salmonella spp. | FDA, GRN 603 | |||
| Salmonella spp. | FDA, GRN 752 pending as of March 19, 2018 |
Adapted and modified from Woolston and Sulakvelidze 2015 [18]. This is not meant to be an exhaustive list of phage products or approvals and listings. Some of the information included in this table was obtained from company webpages and promotional material and has not been independently verified. BAG, Bundesamt für Gesundheit; CFR, Code of Federal Regulations; FSIS, Food Safety and Inspection Service; GRN, GRAS Notice.