Table 1.
Comparisons of different drug delivery systems based on HBcAg VLNPs.
| Parameters | Drug Delivery System | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Dual Conjugation (FA-tHBcAg-DOX) |
pH-Responsive (FA-N-tHBcAg-PAA-DOX) |
||
| NFA | 470 | 953 | |
| NDOX | 1600 | 946 | |
| Cellular uptake by cancer cells compared to free DOX | HT29 | 3.29-fold higher | 4-fold higher |
| HeLa | 3.62-fold higher | - | |
| Cellular uptake by normal cells compared to free DOX | CCD-112 | 2.27-fold lower | 1.64-fold lower |
| 3T3 | 2.12-fold lower | - | |
| Cytotoxicity towards cancer cells compared to free DOX | HT29 | 2.04-fold higher | 7.21-fold higher |
| HeLa | 2.13-fold higher | - | |
| Cytotoxicity towards normal cells compared to free DOX | CCD-112 | 2.47-fold lower | 1.84-fold lower |
| 3T3 | 2.20-fold lower | - | |
Note: (FA-tHBcAg-DOX) tHBcAg VLNPs conjugated covalently with folic acid (FA) and DOX; (FA-N-tHBcAg-PAA-DOX) FA-conjugated tHBcAg VLNPs using the nanoglue and loaded with PAA-DOX; NFA = number of FA molecules conjugated to each nanoparticle; NDOX = number of DOX molecules conjugated to or packaged within each nanoparticle; HT29 = human colorectal cancer cell line; HeLa = human cervical cancer cell line; 3T3 = normal fibroblast cells; CCD-112 = colorectal normal cell line.