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. 2018 Apr 21;8(4):261. doi: 10.3390/nano8040261

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© 2018 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(a) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of pristine Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ and Bi₄Ti₃O_12−x after chemical reduction treatment (a) at 350 °C for different times; (b) at different temperatures for 60 min; and (c) thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curves of the pristine Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂, Bi₄Ti₃O_12−x (350 °C, 40 min), and Bi₄Ti₃O_12−x (350 °C, 60 min).