Table 3.
Per month change in odds of intervention schools achieving project output or evaluation criteria by time since project implementation.
| Group 1 Intervention Schools (n = 26) | Group 2 Intervention Schools (n = 24) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Output or Evaluation Criteria | 1–6 Months | 7–12 Months | 13–18 Months | 19+ Months | 1–6 Months | 7–12 Months | 13–18 Months |
| Water supply output 1 | 1.1 (0.8, 1.4) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.2) | 1.6 (1.2, 2.1) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.4) | 1.3 (0.8, 2.0) | 2.6 (1.4, 4.8) | 0.3 (0.0, 1.9) |
| Water point located on school grounds | 1.8 (1.2, 2.8) | 1.2 (0.6, 2.2) | 2.3 (0.9, 6.4) | 0.5 (0.1, 1.7) | -- | -- | -- |
| Did not malfunction in previous year | 1.4 (1.1, 1.6) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.6) | 0.8 (0.6, 1.1) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.5) | 3.1 (1.9, 5.0) | 0.2 (0.1, 0.5) | 7.1 (1.1, 47) |
| Water tank | 4.4 (1.3, 15) | 0.4 (0.1, 1.4) | 1.7 (0.6, 4.7) | 0.8 (0.2, 3.1) | 8.8 (1.7, 46) | 0.2 (0.0, 0.9) | -- |
| Water in tank | 1.3 (1.0, 1.6) | 0.8 (0.6, 1.1) | 2.6 (1.7, 3.9) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.5) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.3) | 7.8 (3.5, 18) | -- |
| Toilet output 1 | 1.0 (0.8, 1.3) | 1.4 (1.1, 1.9) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.6) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.5) | 1.6 (1.2, 2.0) | 0.7 (0.5, 1.1) | 1.1 (0.3, 4.7) |
| At least one improved toilet compartment | 4.4 (1.9, 10) | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Sex separated | 1.4 (1.1, 1.8) | 1.5 (1.0, 2.1) | 1.4 (0.8, 2.2) | 0.9 (0.5, 1.9) | 7.9 (1.7, 37) | 0.1 (0.0, 0.9) | -- |
| Unlocked | 1.3 (1.0, 1.6) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.6) | 1.8 (1.1, 3.1) | 0.8 (0.4, 1.6) | 1.8 (1.4, 2.5) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.2) | 1.7 (0.2, 13) |
| Clean | 1.2 (1.0, 1.4) | 1.4 (1.0, 1.8) | 1.3 (0.9, 1.8) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.5) | 1.7 (1.3, 2.3) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.2) | 2.0 (0.3, 14) |
| Water available inside for flushing | 1.2 (1.0, 1.5) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.3) | 1.3 (1.0, 1.7) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.7) | 1.6 (1.2, 2.0) | 0.7 (0.5, 1.1) | 1.1 (0.3, 4.7) |
| Handwashing output 1 | 1.4 (1.1, 1.8) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.7) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.4) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.5) | 1.3 (1.0, 1.7) | 0.7 (0.5, 1.1) | 1.7 (0.5, 5.8) |
| At least one individual handwashing station | 4.8 (1.5, 16) | 0.5 (0.2, 1.5) | 1.3 (0.5, 3.6) | 0.9 (0.2, 3.9) | 3.4 (1.6, 7.5) | 0.4 (0.1, 1.2) | -- |
| Water | 1.4 (1.1, 1.8) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.4) | 1.4 (1.0, 1.9) | 1.2 (0.7, 1.8) | 1.7 (1.3, 2.3) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.0) | 1.2 (0.3, 5.3) |
| Soap | 1.3 (1.0, 1.7) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.7) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.3) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.5) | 1.3 (1.0, 1.7) | 0.7 (0.5, 1.1) | 1.7 (0.5, 5.8) |
| Hygiene promotion output 2 | 0.5 (0.3, 0.8) | 2.2 (1.2, 4.0) | 0.7 (0.5, 1.0) | 1.0 (0.6, 1.7) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.3) | 0.8 (0.4, 1.6) | -- |
| Group compound cleaning schedule | 0.9 (0.8, 1.0) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.3) | 1.1 (0.9, 1.3) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.6) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.2) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.3) | 3.4 (0.3, 39) |
| Group toilet cleaning schedule | 0.7 (0.6, 0.9) | 1.4 (1.1, 2.0) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.2) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.6) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.3) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.4) | 0.1 (0.0, 2.9) |
| Group handwashing schedule | 0.7 (0.6, 1.0) | 1.3 (0.9, 1.9) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.2) | 1.0 (0.6, 1.6) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.1) | 1.0 (0.6, 1.8) | -- |
| Drinking water output 2 | 5.4 (3.0, 9.9) | 1.2 (0.7, 2.0) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.4) | 1.1 (0.5, 2.4) | 3.1 (1.9, 5.1) | 0.3 (0.1, 0.6) | -- |
| At least one drinking water filter | 8.2 (4.8, 14) | 1.0 (0.5, 2.0) | -- | -- | 4.5 (2.0, 10) | 0.2 (0.1, 0.6) | -- |
| Water in filter | 5.4 (3.0, 9.9) | 1.2 (0.7, 2.0) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.4) | 1.1 (0.5, 2.4) | 3.1 (1.9, 5.1) | 0.3 (0.1, 0.6) | -- |
| Group handwashing output 2 | 1.0 (0.8, 1.2) | 1.6 (1.2, 2.1) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.2) | 1.3 (0.8, 2.0) | 1.2 (1.0, 1.5) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.8) | 0.6 (0.0, 9.9) |
| Group handwashing facility | 1.6 (1.2, 2.1) | 1.9 (1.1, 3.0) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.5) | -- | 1.9 (1.3, 2.6) | 0.8 (0.4, 1.8) | -- |
| Water | 1.3 (1.1, 1.6) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.5) | 1.4 (1.0, 2.1) | 0.9 (0.5, 1.9) | 1.4 (1.1, 1.8) | 1.0 (0.6, 1.5) | 0.6 (0.0, 13) |
| Soap | 1.0 (0.8, 1.2) | 1.7 (1.3, 2.2) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.2) | 1.3 (0.8, 2.0) | 1.2 (1.0, 1.5) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.7) | 0.6 (0.0, 11) |
| Number of outputs met (range 0–20) 3 | 1.2 (1.0, 1.4) | 0.1 (−0.1, 0.4) | 0.2 (0.0, 0.5) | 0.1 (−0.3, 0.5) | 3.5 (3.1, 4.0) | −2.9 (−3.9, −1.9) | 8.7 (2.3, 15) |
| School-level adherence outputs met (range 0–14) 3 | 0.7 (0.6, 0.9) | 0.2 (0.0, 0.4) | 0.2 (0.0, 0.4) | 0.1 (−0.2, 0.4) | 1.4 (1.0, 1.8) | −1.0 (−1.6, −0.4) | 2.3 (−1.5, 6.1) |
Bold italicization indicates significant change in odds within time strata (p < 0.05). -- indicates data were too sparse to calculate odds. 1 Analyzed by time since hardware implementation. 2 Analyzed by time since full implementation. 3 β coefficients represent the per month change in the number of outputs met within time strata.