Table 3.
Multivariate associations with support (agree/totally agree) for the policy statements in the total sample (n = 2062).
| Banning Sale of Tobacco | Raising Legal Age of Sale from 18 to 21 | Taxing Tobacco Industry Sales, to Address Tobacco-Related Problems | Assessing Effectiveness and Safety of E-Cigarettes | Banning Smoking in Cars When Minors Are Present | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smoking status | |||||
| Current smoker (ref.) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Ex-smoker | 3.48 (2.37–5.11) *** | 1.75 (1.31–2.36) *** | 3.48 (2.59–4.66) *** | 1.39 (1.04–1.85) * | 1.29 (0.95–1.74) |
| Never-smoker | 5.26 (3.80–7.28) *** | 2.73 (2.17–3.46) *** | 4.16 (3.30–5.24) *** | 1.50 (1.20) *** | 1.81 (1.42–2.31) *** |
| Age, 10-year units a | 0.98 (0.92–1.04) | 0.95 (0.89–1.00) * | 1.02 (0.96–1.08) * | 0.94 (0.89–0.99) * | 0.94 (0.89–1.00) * |
| Sex | |||||
| Female (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Male | 0.83 (0.66–1.03) | 0.84 (0.69–1.02) | 0.81 (0.66–0.99) * | 0.88 (0.72–1.07) | 0.89 (0.72–1.10) |
| Education † | |||||
| High school equiv. (ref.) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Adv. tech. college equiv. | 1.59 (1.00–2.51) | 1.19 (0.79–1.801) | 0.86 (0.56–1.33) | 1.15 (0.75–1.75) | 1.28 (0.79–2.07) |
| Secondary school equiv. | 1.15 (0.85–1.56) | 1.14 (0.88–1.48) | 0.81 (0.62–1.07) | 0.79 (0.61–1.02) | 0.97 (0.73–1.29) |
| Junior high school equiv. | 1.31 (0.94–1.83) | 1.31 (0.99–1.74) | 0.65 (0.49–0.88) ** | 0.80 (0.60–1.06) | 1.10 (0.81–1.51) |
| No qualification | 0.89 (0.33–2.39) | 2.00 (0.91–4.40) | 0.99 (0.42–2.32) | 0.37 (0.16–0.85) * | 0.86 (0.37–2.00) |
| Household income | |||||
| €>5000/per month (ref.) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| €4000–5000/per month | 1.13 (0.62–2.05) | 1.08 (0.64–1.82) | 0.68 (0.39–1.19) | 1.18 (0.71–1.97) | 0.78 (0.43–1.42) |
| €3000–4000/per month | 0.81 (0.49–1.35) | 1.10 (0.71–1.69) | 0.72 (0.45–1.16) | 1.13 (0.74–1.73) | 0.75 (0.45–1.23) |
| €2000–3000/per month | 1.14 (0.71–1.83) | 1.11 (0.73–1.68) | 0.56 (0.35–0.87) ** | 1.31 (0.87–1.97) | 0.71 (0.44–1.15) |
| €1000–2000/per month | 1.28 (0.80–2.07) | 1.25 (0.83–1.90) | 0.77 (0.49–1.21) | 1.63 (1.08–2.47) * | 0.75 (0.47–1.22) |
| <€1000/per month | 1.48 (0.86–2.53) | 1.56 (0.98–2.50) | 0.86 (0.52–1.43) | 1.65 (1.03–2.65) * | 1.15 (0.66–2.01) |
Data are presented as adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval around OR). * p <0.05; ** p <0.01; *** p <0.001. a Continuous variable. † German equivalents to education levels listed in table from highest to lowest: high school equivalent = “Allgemeine Hochschulreife”, advanced technical college equivalent = “Fachhochschulreife”, secondary school equivalent = “Realschulabschluss”, junior high school equivalent = “Hauptschulabschluss”. Age units are based on DEBRA study participation eligibility (14 and older): 14–23; 24–33; 34–43; 44–53; 54–63; 64–73; 74–83; 84–93; 94–103.