Table 19.
The performance of forecast model.
| Stations | CS-BPANN | EEMD-BPANN | CS-EEMD-BPANN | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AE | MAPE | AE | MAPE | AE | MAPE | |
| Station 1 | 1.71 | 11.27% | - | - | 1.583 | 9.37% |
| Station 2 | 15.45 | 18.53% | 13.82 | 17.56% | 13.86 | 15.78% |
| Station 3 | 28.56 | 41.04% | 28.16 | 40.59% | 27.64 | 36.98% |
GCA is initially used to identify the major factors influencing PM. Gray relational order is examined between the PM and potential factors. Forecasting result is improved by 24%, 16%, 16% and 13% for different strategies. The developed model could be used in sites with different characteristics. Proposed method CS-EEMD-BPANN is more stable than BPANN and EEMD-BPANN.