Table 3.
National level strategies: Policies and systems.
| Strategies Identified | Nordic | Continental | Anglo-Saxon | Mediterranean | “Post-Communist” | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NO | AT | DE | SI | UK | EL | ES | IT | CZ | PL | |
| Legislative frameworks specifically on chronic diseases and employment | ||||||||||
| Legislative frameworks on mental health and employment | • | • | ||||||||
| Legislative frameworks on disability and employment | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • |
| Mainstream and specialist employment programs | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • |
| Provisions allowing access to employment rehabilitation support for persons with NCD, without making disability a prerequisite | • | • | ||||||||
| Policy provisions on stakeholder cooperation (e.g., healthcare, employment services, social services, employers) | • | • | • | |||||||
| Policy provisions on persons-centered approach and individualized employment service provision | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • |
| Employment support in the open labor market (Supported employment) | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • |
| Employment support through social enterprises or social cooperatives; | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • |
| Employment support through sheltered work; | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | |
| Incentives for persons with NCDs to participate in activation programs; | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | |
| Financial incentives for employers to recruit/retain persons with NCDs (wage subsidy); | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | |
| Non-financial incentives for employers to recruit/retain persons with NCDs; | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | |
| Obligatory participation in activation programs to receive benefits; | • | • | • | • | ||||||
| Duties of employers (e.g., quota systems). | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | ||
Note: (AT) Austria, (CZ) Czech Republic, (DE) Germany, (EL) Greece, (IT) Italy, (NO) Norway, (PL) Poland, (SI) Slovenia, (ES) Spain, (UK) United Kingdom, NCD: non-communicable diseases.