Figure 6.

Population density (people per km²) of census zones in Guayaquil (A) shown against the proportion of homes lacking municipal garbage collection (B); lacking municipal sewage (C); and lacking piped water (D). Although dengue cases were reported in both densely and sparsely populated census zones, dengue hot spots were more associated with higher density zones (Figure 1), and the proportion of homes that lack basic municipal services tends to be higher in zones with lower population density. This may account for the counterintuitive model estimates associated with lack of these services (Table 2 and Table 3).