Table 1.

Comparison of c-Fos densities (nuclei/mm²) for each brain region listed after intranasal vehicle (saline) or intranasal OxA (50 µl, 100 µM) administration. In the cerebral cortex, OxA significantly increased c-Fos expression in the piriform, agranular cortex, prelimbic, and ventral orbital cortices compared to intranasal saline. There was also a strong trend (p=0.0551) for decreased c-Fos expression in the infralimbic cortex after intranasal OxA administration compared to vehicle. The medial orbital cortex, perirhinal cortex, and hippocampal brain regions yielded no significant differences between the two treatment groups. Among brainstem regions, the pedunculopontine nucleus was the only ares where intranasal OxA administration significantly increased c-Fos expression. Counts for c-Fos positive nuclei in the pedunculopontine nucleus are reported as the total number in the entire region. There were n=8 animals per treatment group with the exception of the vehicle group for the PPTg and the OxA group for the ventral and medial orbital cortices. These three treatment groups are represented by n=7 rats/group. **p<.01, *p<.05

c-Fos density (nuclei/mm2)
Brain Region	Vehicle	100 uM OxA
Piriform Cortex*	582 ± 38.24, n=8	777.3 ± 77.55, n=8
Agranular Insular Cortex**	125 ± 10.23, n=8	277.3 ± 45.15, n=8
Prelimbic Cortex**	859.4 ± 86.19, n=8	1234 ± 81.4, n=8
Ventral Orbital Cortex*	703.1 ± 80.97, n=8	959.8 ± 70.45, n=7
Infralimibc Cortex (p=0.0551)	890.6 ± 38.27, n=8	714.8 ± 74.8, n=8
Medial Orbital Cortex	609.4 ± 81.62, n=8	660.7 ± 56, n=7
Perirhinal Cortex	334.7 ± 78.12, n=8	394.9 ± 47.22, n=8
Claustrum	605.5 ± 45.34, n=8	722.7 ± 69.23, n=8
Hippocampus (CA3)	17.35 ± 4.1, n=8	23.47 ± 3.085, n=8
Hippocampus (CA1)	14.54 ± 3.437, n=8	19.39 ± 3.876, n=8
Hippocampus (Dentate Gyrus)	73.98 ± 3.734, n=8	85.71 ± 10.09, n=8
Pedunculopontine Nucleus*	4.571 ± 1.043 n=7	8.125 ± 0.8332 n=8

^*= p<0.05;

^**=p<0.01