Table 2.
Characteristics of patients who initiated dialysis in 2008 stratified by 1-year mortality
| Variable | All | Death ≤ 1 year | Death > 1 year | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of Subjects | 49,645 | 15,513 (31.2%) | 34,132 (68.8%) | |
| Functional status, % | ||||
| Poor functional status | 18.7 | 27.8 | 14.6 | < 0.001 |
| Demographics | ||||
| Age (years) | 72 (11) | 75 (10) | 70 (12) | < 0.001 |
| 18–29 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.3 | < 0.001 |
| 30–39 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 1.4 | |
| 40–49 | 3.4 | 1.7 | 4.2 | |
| 50–59 | 9.1 | 5.7 | 10.6 | |
| 60–69 | 23.6 | 18.2 | 26.1 | |
| 70–79 | 36.9 | 38.1 | 36.3 | |
| 80–89 | 23.6 | 32.1 | 19.7 | |
| 90–100 | 2.0 | 3.4 | 1.4 | |
| Octogenarians, % | 25.6 | 35.6 | 21.1 | < 0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28.7 (7.7) | 7.5 | 29.1 (7.7) | < 0.001 |
| < 18.5 | 3.7 | 5.2 | 3.0 | < 0.001 |
| 18.5–24.99 | 31.8 | 36.5 | 29.7 | |
| 25–30 | 28.5 | 27.2 | 29.1 | |
| > 30 | 34.4 | 29.5 | 36.6 | |
| Missing | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.6 | |
| Male, % | 54.6 | 55.6 | 54.1 | 0.003 |
| Race, % | < 0.001 | |||
| Hispanic | 9.3 | 7.1 | 10.3 | |
| White | 62.3 | 70.2 | 58.7 | |
| Black | 24.5 | 19.5 | 26.7 | |
| Asian | 3.0 | 2.3 | 3.3 | |
| Native American | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.0 | |
| Comorbidities, % | ||||
| Congestive heart failure | 40.8 | 49.1 | 37.0 | < 0.001 |
| ASHD | 42.9 | 48.7 | 40.2 | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension | 85.2 | 81.3 | 87.0 | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 56.2 | 52.4 | 57.9 | < 0.001 |
| Cancer | 9.8 | 12.5 | 8.5 | < 0.001 |
| Amputations | 3.5 | 3.8 | 3.4 | 0.03 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 18.1 | 20.7 | 16.9 | < 0.001 |
| TIA/CVA | 12.4 | 14.0 | 11.6 | < 0.001 |
| COPD | 12.6 | 16.8 | 10.7 | < 0.001 |
| Dialysis modality, % | ||||
| Hemodialysis | 95.9 | 97.7 | 95.0 | < 0.001 |
| Peritoneal dialysis | 4.1 | 2.3 | 5.0 | |
| Hemodialysis access, % | ||||
| AV access | 17.7 | 9.1 | 21.6 | < 0.001 |
| Central venous catheter | 82.3 | 90.9 | 78.4 | |
| Maturing AV access (among CVC) | 21.4 | 15.1 | 24.7 | < 0.001 |
| Laboratory variables from within 45-day period prior to most recent ESRD episode | ||||
| Albumin, g/dL | 3.1 (0.7) | 3.0 (0.7) | 3.2 (0.7) | < 0.001 |
| < 3.5 | 51.8 | 57.6 | 49.1 | |
| ≥ 3.5 | 25.3 | 18.4 | 28.4 | < 0.001 |
| Missing | 23.0 | 24.0 | 22.5 | |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 10.0 (1.5) | 10.0 (1.5) | 10.1 (1.5) | |
| < 11 | 68.3 | 69.1 | 67.9 | |
| 11–12 | 15.1 | 13.9 | 15.7 | |
| > 12 | 8.5 | 8.3 | 8.6 | 0.05 |
| Missing | 8.1 | 8.7 | 7.8 | < 0.001 |
| Dialysis setting, % | ||||
| Dialysis facility | 95.0 | 96.2 | 94.5 | < 0.001 |
| Home | 4.3 | 2.5 | 5.1 | |
| Skilled nursing facility | 0.7 | 1.3 | 0.5 | |
| Employment status, % | ||||
| Unemployed | 11.1 | 10.2 | 11.5 | < 0.001 |
| Employed + others | 5.9 | 4.7 | 6.4 | |
| Retired-age | 61.6 | 68.3 | 58.5 | |
| Retired-disability | 21.4 | 16.7 | 23.5 | |
| Acute hospitalization during 2 year Pre-ESRD | ||||
| Frequency, % | 88.9 | 93.4 | 86.9 | < 0.001 |
| Total length of stay (days) | 23.3 (27.9) | 31.1 (32.3) | 19.7 (24.9) | < 0.001 |
| Pre-dialysis nephrology care, % | ||||
| None | 27.8 | 35.0 | 24.5 | < 0.001 |
| < 12 months | 33.0 | 29.3 | 34.8 | |
| > 12 months | 26.3 | 20.0 | 29.2 | |
| Unknown | 12.8 | 15.7 | 11.5 | |
| Cause of end stage renal disease, % | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 45.9 | 40.8 | 48.3 | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension/LVD | 32.3 | 34.1 | 31.5 | |
| Malignancy | 2.6 | 4.2 | 1.9 | |
| Cystic/hereditary | 1.3 | 0.7 | 1.5 | |
| Secondary GN/vasculits | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.3 | |
| Glomerulonephritis | 3.9 | 2.8 | 4.4 | |
| Interstitial nephritis/pyelonephritis | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.8 | |
| Others | 9.8 | 13.3 | 8.2 | |
| History of nursing home, % | 10.3 | 18.0 | 6.8 | < 0.001 |
| Provision of transplant information, % | 65.6 | 57.9 | 69.1 | < 0.001 |
Data are presented in mean (SD), or proportion where appropriate. CVA/TIA cerebrovascular accident/transient ischemic attack, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, AV arteriovenous, CVC central venous catheter, LVD large vessel disease, GN glomerulonephritis