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mtDNA promotes IL-1β secretion by mixed glial cells. Mixed glial cell cultures were stimulated with the DNA fraction containing abundant mtDNA. IL-1β secretion was promoted by the DNA fraction from CSF of NMOSD patients (a) or HEK293 cells expressing human AQP4 stimulated with sera from NMOSD patients (b). The data are expressed as means ± SEM. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01
