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. 2018 Mar 21;9(4):173. doi: 10.3390/genes9040173

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© 2018 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Assays for the auto-regulation of the vapBC15 operon using the lacZ transcriptional fusions. The E. coli DH5α cells containing the corresponding plasmids and their LacZ activities are shown. The stemloop symbols at both ends of the Ω cassette indicate the short, inverted repeats that terminate background transcription [40]. (A) Regulation in cis by vapB15 and vapC15. (B) Regulation in trans. The change fold is calculated relative to the activities of pJS778 and pJS778 plus pJS371 for regulation in cis (A) and in trans (B), respectively. The β-galactosidase activities are presented as means ± SD of three or more independent cultures.