Table 1.

microRNA Expression Profiles, Targets, and Regulators.

microRNA	Evidence of Up-Regulation in AD Brain	Evidence of Down-Regulation in AD Brain	AD-Relevant Targets	AD-Relevant Regulators
miR-9	−↑ AD human CA1 hippocampus [94] −AD human temporal lobe neocortex [98] −↑ 6-month-old APPswe/PSΔE9 mouse cerebral cortex [128] −AD human superior temporal neocortex [101] −↑ 12-week AD rabbit frontal cortex [109]	−↓ AD human cerebellum, hippocampus and medial frontal gyrus [96] −↓ AD human cortex [97] −↓ 3-month-old APPswe/PSΔE9 mouse cerebral cortex [128] −↓ APP23 mouse hippocampus [99] −↓ AD human temporal cortex [100] −↓ 18-month-old rats [108] −↓ 6-week AD rabbit frontal cortex [109]	−BACE1 [97] −TGFBI [104] −TRIM2 [104] −SIRT1 [104] −CAMKK2 [105]	−ROS [95] −Aβ [99]
miR-124	N/A	−↓ AD human hippocampus (p > 0.05) [94] −↓ AD human anterior temporal cortex [116] −↓ AD human hippocampus [121]	−PTBP1 [116] −BACE1 [120]	−Aβ [120]
miR-181	N/A	−↓ AD human cerebellum and hippocampus [96] −↓ AD human cortex [97] −↓ AD human parietal lobe cortex [124] −↓ 7-month-old APP23 mouse hippocampus [99] −↓ AD human temporal cortex [100]	−SPTLC1 [125] −TRIM2 [104] −SIRT1 (conflicting reports) [126] −BTBD3 [104] −HMG1 [126] −Bcl2 [126] −NAMPT [126] −MeCP2 [126] −XIAP [126]	−Aβ [99]
miR-29	−↑ AD human medial frontal gyrus [96]	−↓ AD human cortex [97] −↓ 6-month-old APPswe/PSΔE9 mouse cerebral cortex [128] −↓ AD human parietal lobe cortex [124] −↓ AD human frontal cortex [130]	−BACE1 [97,129,139] −NAV3 [130] −Bim [134] −Bmf [134] −Hrk [134] −Puma [134] −N-Bak [134] −SPTLC2 [125]	N/A
miR-34	−↑ AD human cerebellum, hippocampus and medial frontal gyrus [96] −↑ 6-month-old APPswe/PSΔE9 mouse cerebral cortex [128] −↑ 24-month-old C57B1/6J mouse hippocampus [147] −↑ 24-month-old APPS1-21 mouse hippocampus [147]	N/A	−Bcl2 [128] −SIRT1 [147] −Tau [151]	N/A
miR-107	N/A	−↓ AD human temporal cortex [154] −↓ Tg19959 mouse brain [161] −↓ AD human hippocampus [165]	−BACE1 [154,155] −GRN [158] −CF1 [161] −CDK5R1 (encodes p35) [162] −ADAM10 [164]	−sAβ [166]
miR-146	−↑ AD human hippocampus and neocortex [167] −Increase in AD human temporal lobe neocortex [98]	−↓ AD human cerebellum, hippocampus and medial frontal gyrus [96]	N/A	−NF-κB [167] −IL-1β [167] −Aβ [99,167] −H2O2 [167] −TNFα [169] −ROS [171]
miR-101	N/A	−↓ AD human anterior temporal cortex and cerebellum [97] −↓ AD human parietal lobe cortex [124]	−APP [173,174]	N/A
miR-195	−↑ AD human hippocampus [121]	−↓ AD human CSF [96]	−BACE1 [175]	N/A
miR-153	N/A	−↓ AD human frontal cortex [178]	−α-synuclein [176] −APP [178]	N/A