Table 1.
Participant characteristics at baseline by sex, median (IQR) or N (%)
| All (N=1,320) |
Men (N=701) |
Women (N=619) |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 71.7 (63.5, 78.0) | 72.3 (64.2, 78.9) | 71.3 (63.0, 77.4) | 0.027 |
| Education | 14 (12, 16) | 16 (12, 17) | 14 (12, 16) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.8 (25.1, 31.3) | 28.3 (25.5, 31.0) | 27.4 (24.3, 31.8) | 0.014 |
| Charlson comorbidity index score | 5 (3, 7) | 5 (3, 8) | 5 (3, 7) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 784 (60) | 445 (64) | 339 (56) | 0.002 |
| CABG | 67 (5) | 56 (8) | 11 (2) | <0.001 |
| Myocardial infarction | 162 (12) | 125 (18) | 37 (6) | <0.001 |
| Cancer | 256 (23) | 152 (26) | 104 (21) | 0.073 |
| Gait speed (m/s) | 1.0 (0.95, 1.3) | 1.0 (1.0, 1.3) | 1.0 (0.95, 1.3) | <0.001 |
| Z Memory | 0.98 (0.21, 1.66) | 0.76 (0.05, 1.42) | 1.22 (0.50, 1.93) | <0.001 |
| Z Attention | 0.97 (0.33, 1.52) | 0.78 (0.15, 1.32) | 1.12 (0.56, 1.69) | <0.001 |
| Z Language | 0.72 (0.12, 1.28) | 0.58 (0.04, 1.16) | 0.83 (0.27, 1.42) | <0.001 |
| Z Visuospatial | 0.83 (0.22, 1.43) | 0.98 (0.35, 1.60) | 0.67 (0.05, 1.27) | <0.001 |
| Z Global | 1.07 (0.43, 1.67) | 0.96 (0.34, 1.55) | 1.22 (0.56, 1.80) | <0.001 |
| Low gait and cognitive performance* | <0.001 | |||
| Unimpaired | 643 (50) | 332 (49) | 311 (51) | |
| Low gait speed | 213 (17) | 86 (12) | 127 (21) | |
| Low cognitive performance | 210 (16) | 142 (21) | 68 (11) | |
| Low gait speed & cognitive performance | 214 (17) | 115 (17) | 99 (16) | |
| Total IGF-1 (ng/ml) | 118.0 (92.0, 149.0) | 125.0 (99.0, 156.0) | 111.0 (85.0, 141.0) | <0.001 |
| IGFBP-3 (μg/ml) | 3.5 (2.9, 4.1) | 3.3 (2.7, 3.8) | 3.8 (3.2, 4.4) | <0.001 |
| IGF-1/IGFBP-3 | 0.14 (0.12, 0.17) | 0.16 (0.13, 0.19) | 0.12 (0.10, 0.15) | <0.001 |
*
Defined as the lowest tertile of gait speed and z-score global cognitive score.