Table 3.
Predictors of Current Smoking Status
| Predictor | Number of current smokers |
Number of current non- smokers |
Univariate OR (95%CI) |
p | p overall | Multivariate¥ OR (95%CI) | p | p overall |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age¤, years | ||||||||
| <30 | 78 | 270 | 0.81 (0.61 – 1.07) | 0.130 | 1.11 (0.80 – 1.53) | 0.528 | ||
| 30 – 39 | 390 | 1090 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| 40 – 49 | 351 | 1189 | 0.83 (0.70 – 0.97) | 0.023 | 1.02 (0.83 – 1.25) | 0.862 | ||
| ≥50 | 173 | 733 | 0.66 (0.54 – 0.81) | <0.001 | 0.002† | 0.65 (0.51 – 0.83) | 0.001 | 0.001† |
| Sex¤ | ||||||||
| Male | 932 | 2089 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Female | 60 | 1193 | 0.11 (0.09 – 0.15) | <0.001 | 0.11 (0.08 – 0.14) | <0.001 | ||
| HIV exposure¤ | ||||||||
| Heterosexual | 516 | 2260 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Homosexual | 200 | 700 | 1.25 (1.04 – 1.50) | 0.017 | 0.51 (0.38 – 0.67) | <0.001 | ||
| Injecting drug use | 224 | 124 | 7.91 (6.23 – 10.05) | <0.001 | 3.03 (2.25 – 4.07) | <0.001 | ||
| Other/unknown | 52 | 198 | 1.15 (0.84 – 1.58) | 0.391 | <0.001‡ | 0.62 (0.42 – 0.89) | 0.011 | <0.001‡ |
| Location of TAHOD site(s)¤ | ||||||||
| Thailand | 186 | 1105 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Vietnam | 209 | 327 | 3.80 (3.01 – 4.79) | <0.001 | 2.35 (1.77 – 3.12) | <0.001 | ||
| Indonesia | 159 | 295 | 3.20 (2.50 – 4.10) | <0.001 | 1.53 (1.12 – 2.08) | 0.007 | ||
| India | 20 | 386 | 0.31 (0.19 – 0.50) | <0.001 | 0.20 (0.12 – 0.33) | <0.001 | ||
| Hong Kong | 82 | 275 | 1.77 (1.32 – 2.37) | <0.001 | 1.50 (1.09 – 2.06) | 0.012 | ||
| Philippines | 25 | 314 | 0.47 (0.31 – 0.73) | 0.001 | 0.40 (0.25 – 0.64) | <0.001 | ||
| Taiwan | 72 | 229 | 1.87 (1.37 – 2.54) | <0.001 | 1.71 (1.16 – 2.51) | 0.006 | ||
| Malaysia | 97 | 127 | 4.54 (3.34 – 6.17) | <0.001 | 3.32 (2.39 – 4.63) | <0.001 | ||
| Japan | 64 | 126 | 3.02 (2.15 – 4.23) | <0.001 | 3.09 (2.06 – 4.65) | <0.001 | ||
| South Korea | 40 | 52 | 4.57 (2.94 – 7.10) | <0.001 | 3.94 (2.43 – 6.39) | <0.001 | ||
| Singapore | 37 | 32 | 6.87 (4.17 – 11.30) | <0.001 | 5.37 (3.16 – 9.11) | <0.001 | ||
| China | 1 | 14 | 0.42 (0.06 – 3.25) | 0.409 | <0.001‡ | 0.41 (0.05 – 3.22) | 0.394 | <0.001‡ |
| Family history of MI or stroke | ||||||||
| No | 548 | 1748 | 1.00 | |||||
| Yes | 36 | 129 | 0.89 (0.61 – 1.30) | 0.550 | ||||
| Unknown | 408 | 1405 | - | |||||
| CD4 cell count, cells/mm3 | ||||||||
| ≥200 | 540 | 2146 | 1.00 | |||||
| <200 | 150 | 263 | 2.27 (1.82 – 2.83) | <0.001 | ||||
| Unknown | 302 | 873 | - | |||||
| Time since ART initiation, years | ||||||||
| <2 | 248 | 681 | 1.00 | |||||
| 2 – 4 | 285 | 958 | 0.82 (0.67 – 0.99) | 0.044 | ||||
| 4 – 8 | 215 | 822 | 0.72 (0.58 – 0.89) | 0.002 | ||||
| >8 | 244 | 821 | 0.82 (0.67 – 1.00) | 0.051 | 0.032† |
ART, antiretroviral therapy; IQR, interquartile range; MI, myocardial infarction; TAHOD, TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database;
¤
Included in final model;
¥
Adjusted for predictors of any failure included in the final model;
*
Time updated;
†
p overall for linear trend;
‡
p overall for heterogeneity