Table.

Data sources and encoding methods for environmental and sociodemographic covariates

	Description and spatial resolution	Encoding	Sources
Cattle density	Density per sq km by Tikina (polygon)	Standardised to α=0 and σ=1	Fiji Ministry of Agriculture. Fiji National Agricultural Census 2009
Maximum rainfall	Average maximum annual rainfall, interpolated from meteorological data from 1971–2000; 100 m raster	Standardised to α=0 and σ=1	Landcare Research Institute, New Zealand20
Distance to river	Euclidean distance to river; 25 m raster data	Categorised as ≥100 m or <100 m	Hydrology data from Fiji Ministry of Lands and Mineral Resources 1:50K topographic maps21
Poverty rate	Percent of population below the poverty line by Tikina (polygon)	Categorised as <40% or ≥40% of population below the poverty line	World Bank (2011) report22
Residential setting	Census 2007 designations of urban, periurban, and rural by Enumeration Area (polygon)	Categorised as rural, urban, or periurban	Fiji Bureau of Statistics. Fiji National Census 200717