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. 2018 Apr 23;9:785. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00785

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Copyright © 2018 Shields-Cutler, Al-Ghalith, Yassour and Knights.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Complete time series analysis highlights a significant and temporally maintained deficiency in butyrate-producing Clostridiales among infants exposed to antibiotics. (A) Results plot generated by the permuspliner test, showing enriched abundance of Clostridium groups IV and XIV in infants not exposed to antibiotics (Abx–, red line). (B) Corresponding distance plot output, showing that the observed difference between the groups exceeds the random permuted distribution 997/1000 times, which supports the statistically significant finding (p = 0.003).