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. 2018 Apr 23;9:351. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00351

Figure 3.

Figure 3

VGSC complexes at the cardiac intercalated disk. CMs associate at the ID, where Nav1.5, Nav-β1 subunits, adherens junctions, gap junctions, and desmosomes define intercellular communication. (A) Associated CMs. (B) Proposed model of the GJ plaque, perinexus, and perinexus edge. Nav-β1 subunits at the ID are tyrosine phosphorylated, possibly through Fyn kinase activation, and may function in cell–cell adhesion in the perinexus and perinexus edge. (C) At the ID, Nav1.5 associates with a multi-protein complex (also see Table 2). The S4 segment of each Nav-α subunit homologous domain forms the voltage sensing domain (VSD) and segments 5 and 6 in each domain create the ion-conducting pore. Three hydrophobic amino acids, IFM, form the inactivation gate. Abbreviations: Ankyrin-G (AnkG), Calmodulin (Cal), Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKIIδ), Fibroblast growth factor homologous factor 1B (FHF1B), N-Cadherin (N-Cad), Nedd4-like-ubiqutin-protein ligases (Nedd4), Synapse-associated protein 97 (SAP97).