Skip to main content
. 2018 Apr 12;2018:2568569. doi: 10.1155/2018/2568569

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Mechanisms of inflammation-derived endothelial dysfunction. The CD40-CD40L pathway stimulates mucosal inflammation and causes increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin- (IL-) 8, chemokines, and cell adhesion molecules, and causes angiogenesis-stimulating intestinal fibroblasts to release angiogenic cytokines.