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. 2018 Apr 23;9:332. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00332

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Copyright © 2018 Agarwal, Gratwohl, Cozad, Yang, Clancy and Harvey.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The magnitude of cAMP responses detected by biosensors targeted to different subcellular locations are similar following treatment with the βAR agonist isoproterenol (Iso). (A–C) Representative time course of changes in the normalized FRET response (ΔR/R₀) in cells expressing Epac2-CAAX (CAAX, white circles), Epac2-MyrPalm (MyrPalm, red circles), and Epac2-camps (Epac2, blue circles), under control conditions, and following exposure to 1 μM Iso, and 1 μM Iso plus 100 μM IBMX. (D) Summary of average FRET responses to 1 μM Iso in cells expressing Epac2-camps (n/N = 8/6, blue bar), Epac2-CAAX (n/N = 10/5, white bar), and Epac2-MyrPalm (n/N = 14/5, red bar). Responses to 1 μM Iso were not significantly different between the probes (one-way ANOVA).