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. 2018 Apr 23;9:332. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00332

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Copyright © 2018 Agarwal, Gratwohl, Cozad, Yang, Clancy and Harvey.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Inhibition of basal AC activity leads to greater reduction of cAMP activity in non-raft associated membrane domains. (A–C) Representative time course of changes in the FRET response (ΔR/R₀) in cells expressing Epac2-CAAX (CAAX, white circles), Epac2-MyrPalm (MyrPalm, red circles), and Epac2-camps (Epac2, blue circles), under control conditions and following exposure to the AC inhibitor MDL12330A (MDL; 100 μM). (D) Summary of average FRET responses to 100 μM MDL in cells expressing Epac2-camps (n/N = 11/5, blue bar), Epac2-CAAX (n/N = 10/6, white bar), and Epac2-MyrPalm (n/N = 7/3, red bar). Epac2-CAAX response to 100 μM MDL was significantly different from Epac2-camps and Epac2-MyrPalm responses (^∗p < 0.05, Kruskal–Wallis one-way ANOVA on Ranks followed by Dunn’s test for pairwise multiple comparisons). Reference line (dotted) at zero has been added for clarity.